Революционные события 1917–1920 гг. в России не только потрясли мир в момент их совершения, но и существенно, даже круто изменили его, причем это влияние в течение десятилетий возрастало. Социалистическая революция в России вызвала мощный резонанс в мире, стала новым направлением развития. Речь идет не только о силе примера, о повторении события в других обществах. Ее воздействие и шире, и глубже. Она существенно изменила систему мирового порядка в ХХ в. В статье рассмотрен аспект данного влияния на трансформацию мирового порядка в разные периоды ХХ в., а также сделана попытка связать это влияние с общими тенденциями исторического процесса. The revolutionary events of the period between 1917 and 1920 that took place in Russia not only ‘shocked the world’ at that period but had dramatically changed it, and the influence increased over decades. The socialist revolution in Russia has produced a powerful resonance in the world and become a new developmental trend. This refers not only to the influence of example and the recurrence of the event in other societies. The affect is both wider and deeper since it significantly changed the world order in the 20th century. The present article considers the aspects of its influence on the transformation of the world order during different periods of the 20th century, and also at-tempts at relating this influence to the general trends of historical process. Подробнее https://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/1563125/

В 2017 году исполнилось не только сто лет со дня революции 1917 года, но также 500-летие начала Реформации в Германии. Именно с Реформации можно начинать отсчет современных революций в Европе и в мире. В первой части статьи анализируются линии трансформации революций в ходе исторического процесса, в частности то, как изменялись на протяжении этих столетий их всемирно-историческая роль, социальные базы, революционные идеологии, практики, используемые ими информационные технологии. Показано, какие важные изменения в революционные практики и в само понимание сущности революции были вне-сены каждой крупной революцией. Во второй части статьи также освещаются некоторые вопросы, связанные с теорией революции,в частности, дается классификация типов революций, начиная от религиозных и заканчивая модернизационными, отмечены некоторые важные условия возникновения революций. В заключении мы рассмотрим вопрос о том, как и почему революции с определенного момента все активнее используются как геополитическое оружие. The year 2017 was marked not only by the 100th anniversary of the Russian revolution but also by five hundred years passed from the start of the Reformation in Germany. It is just from the Reformation that one can account for revolutions in Europe and world. The first part of the article analyzes the range of transformations of revolutions in the course of historical development; in particular, the ways their role in the world history, social basis, revolutionary ideologies and practices and used information means would change over these centuries. It is also shown which important changes in revolutionary practices and the very essence of revolution were brought by every great revolution. While considering these aspects and also in the second part of the article the author touches some issues connected with the theory of revolutions. In particular, the author classifies revolutions starting from religious to modernization ones and considers some important causes of revolutions. In the final part, the author speaks about how and why revolutions starting from a certain moment are more actively used as geopolitical means. Подробнее https://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/1359593/

Проблема социально-политического кризиса на Украине комплексная. Для анализа современного кризиса необходимо использовать различные методы и теории. В настоящей статье для определения исторических и геоисторических причин современного кризиса активно использованы историко-генетический и историко-сравнительный методы. Многие на первый взгляд труднообъяснимые и откровенно негативные особенности внешней и внутренней политики современной Украины в значительной степени связаны с геополитическими и историческими особенностями формирования государства, менталитета и традициями социально-политической психологии. Очевидно также, что многие отрицательно воздействующие на стабильность государства геополитические и гео-культурные факторы прошлого не утратили своего значения до сих пор. Анализу этих факторов и их роли в разные периоды украинской истории посвящена данная статья. В статье также сделана попытка систематического сравнения истории Украины с историей ее ближайших соседей (России, Белоруссии, Польши), что позволяет лучше понять причины различий исторических судеб в сходных условиях и определить степень влияния соседей на политические модели Украины и ее отдельных частей. The social and political crisis in Ukraine is a complex problem. To analyze the current crisis one should apply different methods and theories. In the present article the genetic historical as well as comparative historical methods are actively employed to determine the historical and geohistorical causes of the current crisis. Many negative and hard-to-explain peculiarities of the domestic and foreign policy of contemporary Ukraine are to a great extent associated with the geopolitical and historical peculiarities of the state-formation, mentality and social-political traditions. It is also evident that many geopolitical and geocultural factors producing negative effects on the stability of the state are still active. The present article is devoted to the analysis of these factors and their role during different periods of the Ukraine history. The article also makes an attempt to conduct a systemic comparison of the Ukraine history with those of its neighboring countries (Russia, Belo-russia, and Poland) which allows a better understanding of the origin of different historical fates in similar environment and also to define the degree of their influence on the political models in Ukraine and its distant regions.

Эволюция антропосферы неумолимо приближается к точке грандиозного перелома, за которым может начаться либо «нисходящая ветвь» планетарной истории, либо переход земной цивилизации к космической стадии развития. Смертельные угрозы связаны с обостряющейся патологией глобальной геополитической системы, и усиление России может сыграть стабилизирующую роль, если ее руководство своевременно решится сменить концептуальные акценты во внешнеполитической стратегии. Перенос внимания с патриотических деклараций («защита русского мира» и т. д.) на задачи оздоровления глобальной геополитики привлек бы лидеров мнения за рубежами страны и повысил бы эффективность международной активности российского руководства. The evolution of anthroposphere is implacably approaching the point of a tremendous break beyond which either a “descending branch” in our planetary history or a transition to the cosmic stage of the Earth civilization’s development is expected. Deadly menaces are mostly due to the sharpening pathology in the global geopolitical system; the strengthening of Russia might play a stabilizing role if its leaders opportunely venture to shift the con-ceptual accents in their foreign-policy strategies. Shifting attention from the patriotic declarations like “defense of the Russian world” etc. to the tasks of the global geopolitics’ sanitation would attract the opinion leaders in the world and increase effectiveness of the Russian government’s international activities.

Proposed monograph discusses definitions, basic concepts and approaches of regional security with respect to Central Asia. Regional security
is a very complex concept and geopoliticians have given it to different meanings in different times and places. In the present study it has been
examined that how geopolitics has been affected and shaped by regional security theories and other factors. Generally, there are identified
five major interdisciplinary factors (social, military, physical, environmental and political) which affect security of region, therefore, all these
factors have also been analysed with respect to the study region. Further, four dimensions of the regional security and energy geopolitics
have also been discussed in respect to the study region. Under the first dimension, the foreign powers intervention in the study region e.g. like
1973 Iran policy has been discussed. Under the second dimension, the intraregional ethnic clash because of unequal distribution of oil wealth
the regional security of Central Asia has been debated. The third dimension includes a detailed study of militant attacks on oil and gas facilities
as a result of ideological differences. This sort of analysis is helpful in identifying potential militants and terrorist threats. The fourth
dimension of border dispute as the cause of regional conflicts and risk to the security of the region has been examined. In the present study
four case studies i.e. the Iran’s APOC oil embargo of 1973, Nigeria and Sudan ethnic conflicts over hydrocarbons resources, Iraq-Kuwait border
dispute and Iraq war and militant attack in Saudi Arab and Iraq’s oil and gas facilities have been taken to identify and correlate regional
security problems and energy geopolitics. Adopting this methodology and in the light of these case studies, a scenario building exercise has
been carried out related to the regional security and energy geopolitics of the Central Asia.
Javed Zafar Regional Security and Energy Geopolitics of Central Asia // The Russian Academic Journal, Vol. 31, Issue 1, 2015, pp. 0-0

After collapse of the Soviet Union Central Asia (CA) was not in the focus of academic society and big geopolitical players, Kyrgyzstan
not being an exception. But today Russia is back to CA through the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) and Collective Security Treaty
Organization (CSTO). Kyrgyzstan is a member of CSTO and is going to join the EEU. Therefore it is worth of broader analysis. This
study tried to understand specifics of Kyrgyz internal and external course of development. It found that internal political process in
Kyrgyzstan used to be very problematic. The country suffered a lot from two revolutions, caused by the authoritarian “family rule”
of Askar Akaev and Kurmanbek Bakiev. After that Kyrgyzstan decided to change its system of government from presidential to parliamentary
(or semi-presidential) model. But this experiment did not bring peace and stability, additionally complicated by ethnic
tension between Kyrgyz and Uzbek citizens. Possible recipe of success – bigger socio-economic responsibility of the government,
but it is still not in place. After two people revolts Kyrgyzstan was near to become a “failed state”, but orientation towards strategic
partnership with Russia and membership in the EEU can help it to survive politically and economically at the expense of Russian
geopolitical ambitions, compensate internal political turbulence by external factor of stability. Moreover, close (also institutional)
cooperation with Moscow strengthens systemic power of Kyrgyzstan in its relations with the closest neighbors, such as Uzbekistan
(not satisfied with the water policy of Bishkek) and Afghanistan (poses real security threat of Islamic extremism and terrorism to
Kyrgyzstan). To sum up, for the moment Kyrgyz internal politics is hardly predictable, also because of the parliamentary experiment,
but definite external orientation towards Russia and the EEU creates some basis for stable long term development of the country.
Vadim VOLOVOJ Kyrgyzstan: Internal and External Course of Development // The Russian Academic Journal, Vol. 31, Issue 1, 2015, pp. 0-0

Geopolitics is the study of international relations and conflicts from geographical perspective, in other words it is also defined as the
practice of states, competing for the dominance and control the territory. Central Asia, due to its geopolitical importance has always
attracted the attention of all major schools of geopolitical thoughts especially, ‘the school of political landscape’ (English school)
and school of geopolitical organism’ (German school). This region has also been the core of Russian and the former Soviet Union’s
geopolitical imagination. Since the emergence of independent Central Asian States (CAS), struggle has erupted to control space in
this region for hydrocarbon resources and various other reasons.
Russia has reclaimed this region for controlling energy supply from the Central Asian Region (CAR) to the countries of Asia, Europe
and other parts of the world. China is focusing on the energy resources of this region to reduce its energy dependency on Middle
East and Africa countries. For China security of the import of the hydrocarbon resources through the Indian Ocean is also a reason
to pay attention towards the CAR. The US and EU need central Asian energy to reduce dependency on Russian gas supply to Europe.
Pakistan and India are also potential players in the central Asian energy game. These countries are also trying hard to engage but
due to different geopolitical problems and difficulties have not been successful. Turkey, a west Asian country with rapidly growing
economy is trying to tap central Asian energy with the help of Iran. Thus, a detailed analysis of the energy politics of global players
in the Central Asia is the subject matter of this paper. Players in the region divided in three category, all three category power’s policies
and achievement are discussed in the given paper.
Methodology: The study is based on secondary data and information. The analysis is based on empirical, historical, comparative,
descriptive methods and critical qualitative assessment of the events and political developments in the study region.
Javed Zafar Dynamics of Energy Geopolitics of Central Asia1 // The Russian Academic Journal, Vol. 30, Issue 4, 2015, pp. 0-0

China is immediate neighbour of Central Asian States and has very long history of engagement with the region. A brief history of Chinese engagement
is discussed in given paper. China is world largest economy and dependent of imported oil and gas form different part of world and this oil
and gas supply is expensive and vulnerable because of various reasons, therefore China is focusing on Central Asia as this region has vast amount
of hydrocarbons. Chinese policies and strategies to grab Central Asian oil and gas are also examined in given paper.
Zafar Javed China and Central Asian Energy Geopolitics // The Russian Academic Journal, Vol. 27, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 0-0

The global economic integration and progress in communication area have caused changes in the structure of the modern
media market. The transnational corporations are considered as the basic segment of information field and substantially influence a
situation in the world. Today media conglomerates become ever less, but they, in turn, supervise the increasing number of mass-media.
J.V. Markina THE MASS-MEDIA AS MEANS OF ACHIEVEMENT OF THE GEOPOLITICAL PURPOSES // The Russian Academic Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2011, pp. 0-0

The article summarizes the most significant materials of the International round table held in Moscow in April 2013: the papers by Russian and foreign experts researching the past and the present of the post-Soviet space as well as part of their discussion. The papers feature the interdisciplinary scientific analysis of different aspects of contemporary geopolitical situation in post-Soviet space. The issues discussed by the roundtable participants and the authors of the article are addressed in the context of the Eurasian and world history. В статье обобщаются наиболее значимые материалы Международного круглого стола, состоявшегося в Москве в апреле 2013 г.: доклады российских и зарубежных специалистов, изучающих прошлое и настоящее постсоветского пространства, и часть состоявшейся между ними дискуссии. В докладах представлен междисциплинарный научный анализ различных аспектов современной геополитической ситуации на постсоветском пространстве. Эта проблематика участниками круглого стола и авторами статьи рассматривается в контексте евразийской и мировой истории
Marchenya P. International Round Table “Russia and the Post-Soviet Space: Problems and Prospects” (Moscow, 2013) / P. Marchenya, S. Razin //Новый исторический вестник. 2014. №1(39). С.104–118