В статье показан сложный и противоречивый характер процессов интеграции человечества в глобальном масштабе, который сопровождается структурными изменениями в системе общества. Целостность общества обусловлена взаимодействием двух систем – культуры и цивилизации, которые по-разному реагируют на вызовы современного мира. С масштабными интеграционными процессами в мире приобретают глобальный характер и проблемы человечества. Решение этих проблем лежит в области создания наднациональной системы ценностей. Качественные сдвиги в развитии на уровне всего человечества требуют формирования нового типа личности, что ставит систему образования в особое положение. Сутью современного образования должно быть воспитание на новых телеологических установках, которые позволили бы человеку и человечеству выйти к осознанию смысла своего существования в мире. The paper shows a complex and contradictory nature of human integrative processes on a global scale, which is accompanied by structural changes in the system of society. The integrity of the society is caused by the interaction between two systems – culture and civilization, which react differently to the challenges of the modern world. The problems of the humankind are becoming globalized due to the large-scale integration processes in the world. The solution of these problems lies in the creation of a supranational system of values. The qualitative changes in the development at the level of the whole humankind require the formation of a new-type individual and this puts the educational system in a special position. The essence of modern education should be teaching based on new teleological ideals, which would allow an individual and humanity to realize the meaning of the existence in the world. Подробнее https://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/877290/

Предметом исследования является формирование целей устойчивого развития (УР) в связи с принятием новой Повестки дня в области устойчивого развития на период до 2030 г. Новые глобальные цели УР, продолжая ЦРТ, включают 17 целей в области устойчивого развития и 169 связанных с ними задач. Автор поставил задачу показать, что УР как будущая новая форма развития цивилизации с самого начала имела «целевую ориентацию» и предполагала осознание и постановку целой иерархии целей, необходимых для становления эффективного глобального управления. В перспективе глобальное развитие в своей «антропогенной» составляющей должно будет реализовывать цели и принципы УР, которые будут уточняться с каждым новым этапом реализации этого типа социоприродной эволюции. В работе используются комплексные эволюционно-исторический, социоприродный и системно-деятельностный подходы, а также методы концептуального моделирования и исследования будущего, в особенности ноосферно-футурологический подход, который ориентирует междисциплинарный научный поиск на использование нормативного прогнозирования и «целевое формирование» движения к глобальной устойчивости. Установлено, что УР представляется в качестве наиболее приемлемого и безопасного типа социоприродной эволюции, направленной на сохранение цивилизации и биосферы, их сосуществование и коэволюцию. Причем глобальное развитие станет устойчивым развитием, если оно будет целесообразно и рационально управляемым в общепланетарном масштабе, что позволит уменьшить или даже элиминировать многие негативные тенденции и последствия. Определены экзистенциальные цели УР, связанные с выживанием и существованием человечества, а также с сохранением окружающей природной среды. Автор также аргументирует положение о том, что концепция УР должна кардинально трансформироваться в «глобальном измерении» и уже не может ограничиться «целевой триадой» взаимосвязи экономики, экологии и социальной сферы, во всяком случае, в ее современном представлении. Указывается, что в России осознается еще одна, пусть пока и отдаленная, но весьма важная в концептуально-теоретическом ракурсе стратегическая и глобальная цель «устойчивого перехода» – становление ноосферы. The subject of the study is the formation of sustainable development (SD) paradigm in connection with the adoption of a new agenda for sustainable development for the period up to 2030. The new global goals of SD continuing MDGs include 17 targets for sustainable development and 169 related tasks. The author aims at showing that the future of SD as a new form of civilization from the very beginning had a ‘target orientation’ and involves awareness and setting a whole hierarchy of goals required for the establishment of effective global governance. In the future, global development in its ‘human’ component should be the objectives and principles of sustainable development, which will be refined with each new step in implementing this type of socio-natural evolution. We use complex evolutionary, historical and system-activity approach, as well as the methods of conceptual modeling and studies of the future, especially the noospheric and futurological approach that directs the interdisciplinary scientific research to use normative forecasting and ‘target formation’ to the global sustainability movement. The author found that SD is presented as the most appropriate and safe type of socio-natural evolution, aimed at preserving civilization and biosphere, their co-existence and co-evolution. And global development becomes sustainable development if it is reasonable and rationally managed on a planetary scale thus, reducing or even eliminating many negative trends and consequences. He also defines the existential goal of SD related to survival and existence of humankind, as well as preserving environment. The author argues that the SD concept must be radically transformed into a ‘global dimension’ and can no longer be limited to the currently known ‘target triad’ of connecting economy, ecology, and social sphere. It is pointed out that in Russia they recognize another albeit remote, but very important in the conceptual and theoretical terms global strategic goal of ‘sustainable transition’ – to the formation of the noosphere.

The article is devoted to analysis of state and prospects for development legislation in the sphere of national security, to identification
the existing weaknesses and to looking for way for improvement. Noting a comprehensive nature of social relations in this
sphere which are regulating by various branches of law there is a conclusion about certainty of contradictions, lacunas, overlapping
of relevant provisions, their dynamism and instability. Non-existence of adequate systematization in this sphere of legislation
makes a great obstacle for settling relevant problems. The problem of activization works in this direction becomes more and more
urgent, and, in the author’s opinion, it can be settled by generation a legal package in the sphere of national security as a rather
independent comprehensive branch of legislations
Ruslan Ovchiev Problems of Development of the National Security in Modern Russia // The Russian Academic Journal, Vol. 30, Issue 4, 2015, pp. 0-0

The article deals with role of historical memory in the context of two referenda which have been held in 2014 — in Scotland on the
18th of September and in Catalonia on the 9th of November, although not recognised by the Spanish government. Both of them
reflect the issue of how the imperial past influences current political debates about independence. In spite of the different political
and cultural contexts, the two referenda have been deeply connected with history and memory and have exploited imperial settings
to explain the ‘security choice’. This article argues that traumatic experience of transition between the imperial and national contexts
has been the decisive factor in the process of securitization of memory. Although memory has been considered as a strategic
recourse in the two regions, the way it has been utilized is different. The memory of the past was shifted from the sphere of politics
to the sphere of security, and memory has been utilized as a means of securitization. Desecuritization of the national memory in the
Scottish and the Catalan contexts is connected with its politicization as well as with placing it within the cultural context. British
and Spanish imperial pasts have been sublimated in the form of cultural symbols and memories.
Victor Apryshchenko Securitization Model and Referenda-2014 in Scotland and Catalonia // The Russian Academic Journal, Vol. 29, Issue 3, 2014, pp. 0-0

This article analyzes the assessment of status and approaches the study of contemporary regional political elites influencing the
decision of the administrative, political and administrative decisions in transitional societies, suggestions to improve the process of
modernizing elites, discussed a number of problematic transit of elitology: to create an effective talent pool at all levels of political
and administration, the openness of elites at all levels, the organization full control over the government and management structures,
compliance with the law.
Objective: To study the perceptions about the activities of the federal and regional political elites, the study characteristics of the
formation of the Russian federal and regional elites, ways to improve the state personnel policy, the interaction of the elites in the
domestic socio-political space, to improve the transparency of government.
Methodology: used historical and legal, formal-legal, structural and functional and analytical methods.
Results: Materials of sociological research on «Modern regional elites», which involved respondents from the Republic of Adygea,
Dagestan, Bashkortostan, Komi, the Chechen Republic, the Altai, Krasnodar, Stavropol, Kaliningrad, Kurgan, Rostov, Ryazan, and
Chelyabinsk Chita regions. The basic assessment of the status and prospects of development of modern Russian elitology problems
recruiting Russian federal and regional political elites, the interaction of the elites in the domestic socio-political space. Reflects
perceptions about the regional political elites considered as an indicator that reflects the status of the internal security of the
regions. The analysis of the criteria of elitism, determine a set of personal and professional qualities of the persons recruited into
the elite. A convergence of opinions and experts and respondents of the public that the elite must meet four main criteria: professionalism,
education, high morality and patriotism. In this case, the respondents took the professionalism much larger proportion
than the experts. The experience of the modernization of the American political elite, ensured the American withdrawal from the
protracted socio-economic crisis in the first half of the last century and experience reformatting the national elite of the Republic
of Korea, which was able to bring the country out of a deep crisis in the postwar period.
Discussion: Discussions of modern elitology, quoted in the article, were part of the First All-Russian elitological Congress of Russia:
Current State and Prospects of Development», held in Rostov-on-Don, 7-8 October 2013. There were suggested that the main
problems lied in the absence of Russian «new» elite, ready to take on new roles and manage «in a new way.» Reasoned thesis that in
societies in transition, what continues to be a Russian, generally one can not speak of the elite. There are only certain conditions for
its occurrence, the starting material or protoelite that does not fulfill its basic function, but only seeks to remain in power. In other
words, the country has the political class, but there is no elite, because its content does not match the form. Noted a discrepancy
between elitism, understood in the traditional sense of the concept, and the possession of real political power, which ultimately
determines the low competence of a significant number of defendants who have fallen into the elite, bringing them into the elite
layer of corruption mechanisms of activity, lack of motives for self-improvement. It was stated that in today’s Russia in individuals
who do not have sufficient funds, social support and family relationships with superiors, the chance to break into the elite is almost
zero. As a result, the authorities are in the «average» of the second and third echelons of the bureaucratic elite, from which creativity
is pointless to wait.
Novelty / originality / value: the article is original, has scientific value, since it is one of the first attempts to objectively assess the
real state of the federal and regional political elites, to analyze the level of development of the domestic building materials of First
All-Russian elitological Congress.
Alexandr Ponedelkov, Sergey Vorontsov Evaluation of the Population to the Elites as an Indicator that Reflects the State of the External and Internal Security of the State // The Russian Academic Journal, Vol. 28, Issue 2, 2014, pp. 0-0

China is immediate neighbour of Central Asian States and has very long history of engagement with the region. A brief history of Chinese engagement
is discussed in given paper. China is world largest economy and dependent of imported oil and gas form different part of world and this oil
and gas supply is expensive and vulnerable because of various reasons, therefore China is focusing on Central Asia as this region has vast amount
of hydrocarbons. Chinese policies and strategies to grab Central Asian oil and gas are also examined in given paper.
Zafar Javed China and Central Asian Energy Geopolitics // The Russian Academic Journal, Vol. 27, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 0-0

Globalization has had a significant on the dynamics of trade. Moreover, these effects have also brought with it negative externalities
that exacerbate a country’s propensity towards conflict. Countries today face new threats to security that were not included in a traditional
security matrix: piracy, smuggling, transnational criminal organizations, cyber-attacks, terrorism, and ethnic/religious movements. Moreover,
there are natural threats such as epidemics, climate change, and natural disasters. These threats all require greater cooperation among countries
in a region. One mechanism that creates a pathway for a greater level of cooperation is through regional economic integration. The second half
of the twentieth century was characterized by unprecedented progress towards global and regional integration. As a result regional institutions
have been established to capture the network effect of economic integration as a means for greater cooperation on traditional and non-traditional
security threats. Increasing economic interdependence, as a consequence of globalization, means that countries no longer find themselves in a
zero-sum world. While much focus has been given to the link between economic interdependence and conflict, less has been given to the processes.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the link between economic integration and conflict. Using intraregional trade share as a proxy measure for
economic integration, regression analysis is conducted to examine this relationship among 31 countries in East and Southeast Asia. The quantitative analysis is followed by case study of ASEAN to lend support to the analysis and to explore the practicalities of building a security community
in East Asia examining ASEAN’s capabilities for dealing with traditional security challenges, specifically, inter-state conflict.
Garner Tyler J. Eastphalia: building a security community in eastasia // The Russian Academic Journal, Vol. 26, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 0-0

The article deals with role of historical memory in the context of two referenda which have been held in 2014 — in Scotland on the 18th of September and in Catalonia on the 9th of November, although not recognised by the Spanish government. Both of them reflect the issue of how the imperial past influences current political debates about independence. In spite of the different political and cultural contexts, the two referenda have been deeply connected with history and memory and have exploited imperial settings to explain the ‘security choice’. This article argues that traumatic experience of transition between the imperial and national contexts has been the decisive factor in the process of securitization of memory. Although memory has been considered as a strategic recourse in the two regions, the way it has been utilized is different. The memory of the past was shifted from the sphere of politics to the sphere of security, and memory has been utilized as a means of securitization. Desecuritization of the national memory in the Scottish and the Catalan contexts is connected with its politicization as well as with placing it within the cultural context. British and Spanish imperial pasts have been sublimated in the form of cultural symbols and memories.

This article analyzes the assessment of status and approaches the study of contemporary regional political elites influencing the decision of the administrative, political and administrative decisions in transitional societies, suggestions to improve the process of modernizing elites, discussed a number of problematic transit of elitology: to create an effective talent pool at all levels of political and administration, the openness of elites at all levels, the organization full control over the government and management structures, compliance with the law. Objective: To study the perceptions about the activities of the federal and regional political elites, the study characteristics of the formation of the Russian federal and regional elites, ways to improve the state personnel policy, the interaction of the elites in the domestic socio-political space, to improve the transparency of government. Methodology: used historical and legal, formal-legal, structural and functional and analytical methods. Results: Materials of sociological research on «Modern regional elites», which involved respondents from the Republic of Adygea, Dagestan, Bashkortostan, Komi, the Chechen Republic, the Altai, Krasnodar, Stavropol, Kaliningrad, Kurgan, Rostov, Ryazan, and Chelyabinsk Chita regions. The basic assessment of the status and prospects of development of modern Russian elitology problems recruiting Russian federal and regional political elites, the interaction of the elites in the domestic socio-political space. Reflects perceptions about the regional political elites considered as an indicator that reflects the status of the internal security of the regions. The analysis of the criteria of elitism, determine a set of personal and professional qualities of the persons recruited into the elite. A convergence of opinions and experts and respondents of the public that the elite must meet four main criteria: professionalism, education, high morality and patriotism. In this case, the respondents took the professionalism much larger proportion than the experts. The experience of the modernization of the American political elite, ensured the American withdrawal from the protracted socio-economic crisis in the first half of the last century and experience reformatting the national elite of the Republic of Korea, which was able to bring the country out of a deep crisis in the postwar period. Discussion: Discussions of modern elitology, quoted in the article, were part of the First All-Russian elitological Congress of Russia: Current State and Prospects of Development», held in Rostov-on-Don, 7-8 October 2013. There were suggested that the main problems lied in the absence of Russian «new» elite, ready to take on new roles and manage «in a new way.» Reasoned thesis that in societies in transition, what continues to be a Russian, generally one can not speak of the elite. There are only certain conditions for its occurrence, the starting material or protoelite that does not fulfill its basic function, but only seeks to remain in power. In other words, the country has the political class, but there is no elite, because its content does not match the form. Noted a discrepancy between elitism, understood in the traditional sense of the concept, and the possession of real political power, which ultimately determines the low competence of a significant number of defendants who have fallen into the elite, bringing them into the elite layer of corruption mechanisms of activity, lack of motives for self-improvement. It was stated that in today’s Russia in individuals who do not have sufficient funds, social support and family relationships with superiors, the chance to break into the elite is almost zero. As a result, the authorities are in the «average» of the second and third echelons of the bureaucratic elite, from which creativity is pointless to wait. Novelty / originality / value: the article is original, has scientific value, since it is one of the first attempts to objectively assess the real state of the federal and regional political elites, to analyze the level of development of the domestic building materials of First All-Russian elitological Congress.