Прогнозирование всегда строится на экстраполяции, и его эффективность во многом зависит от того, насколько удачно выделены наблюдаемые тенденции. При нынешней исторической ситуации моделирование глобального будущего требует максимальной ретроспективной дистанции и системного вовлечения дисциплинарных отраслей от космологии до психологии. Этому способствуют фундаментальные научные открытия на стыке ХХ и XXI веков, заставившие по-новому оценить обозримые перспективы цивилизации. Серия независимых расчетов, проведенных на мегаисторических основаниях, показала, что планетарное развитие приближается к математическому пределу (сингулярность), за которым должен последовать беспрецедентный фазовый переход. Действия людей в ближайшие десятилетия определят, в каком направлении повернется дальнейшая история. В статье прослеживаются возможные сценарии и обсуждаются рекомендации, направленные на оптимальное разрешение ситуации. Forecasting is always based on extrapolation and its effectiveness essentially depends on whether or not the observable trends have been well chosen. Current historical situation demands maximum retrospective distance and systemic involvement of disciplinary branches from cosmology to psychology for modeling global future. Fundamental scientific discoveries in the late 20th and the early 21st centuries favour this job, as far as they demonstrate global civilization’s observable perspectives in a new context. A series of independent calculations done by scientists from various countries and professions applying Mega-historical model show that planetary evolution is approaching its mathematical limit (Singularity) beyond which an unprecedented phase transition is expected. Current generations’ activities will determine how exactly the turning point will happen and what direction the subsequent evolution will go. The paper discusses probable scenarios and proposals aimed at optimal developments. Подробнее https://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/1024021/

The author substantiated necessity of detailed classification of economic risks, formulated principles, which should be considered in a process of
development of classifications. The author described characteristics, which may be used for creation of a classification of economic risks. Classifications
developed by modern scientists are proposed. The author offers to reduce characterization of a risk to such positions as uncertainty,
danger, losses, and probability. Construction of a detailed classification of risks enable to most thoroughly attack the problem of appearance of
factors that contribute a risk and to research risks as a whole. Thus, further researches in this branch continue to be actual and necessary, especially
for a practical activity. Basing on a classification, each type of a risk can be thoroughly analyzed, modeled, separated into elements. These
processes enable to decrease uncertainty of a situation, making an appropriate decision. The classifications of risks considered in the article enable
to determine a position of each type of risks in their general system and also effectively use particular techniques and methods of minimization
and management of risks.
Larisa Radzykhovskaya Modern approaches to classification of economic risks // The Russian Academic Journal, Vol. 27, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 0-0

Last year’s under the aegis of the international ecological organizations the so-called estimation of risk receives more and
more a wide circulation in the different countries of the world. In article the choice of the basic directions of the nature protection policy
aimed at decrease of danger of adverse factors of environment for health of the population, in particular, within the limits of working out
of the regional plan of action on protection of environment is analyzed is most perspective on the basis of the scientific analysis of
communications between a condition of environment and health in concrete conditions of region or a city.
I. V. Kvitkin EKOLOGO-ECONOMIC RISK TO POPULATION HEALTH IN CONNECTION WITH POLLUTION OF OBJECTS OF ENVIRONMENT // The Russian Academic Journal, Vol. 9, Issue 4, 2010, pp. 0-0

The city of Quito is located in the foothills of the Pichincha volcano, at an average altitude of 2 800 m. The whole metropolitan area is subject to recurrent serious flooding, landslides and mudslides, causing both obstruction and destruction of the city's drainage and sewerage system and damage to public and private infrastructures. To try to solve this problem, the Empresa Municipal de Alcantarillado y Agua Potable of Quito (EMAAP-Q), together with the Instituto Nacionál de Meteorologia e Hidrologia (INAMHI) and the French Scientific Research Institute for Development through Cooperation (ORSTOM) set up a research project with the following aims : identify the risks caused by extreme hydrometeorological events affecting the slopes of the Pichincha volcano and the metropolitan area of Quito, characterise associated physical and stochastic processes, and provide operational tools for prevention. The present study was carried out within the framework of this programme. Data from over fifty observation sites are used to describe the main spatial and ternporal characteristics of rainfall. The first results presented in this paper will provide the basis for studies that will take into account the rainfall typology and anisotropic nature of the environment in calculating the characteristics of floods of rare frequency.

The author substantiated necessity of detailed classification of economic risks, formulated principles, which should be considered in a process of development of classifications. The author described characteristics, which may be used for creation of a classification of economic risks. Classifications developed by modern scientists are proposed. The author offers to reduce characterization of a risk to such positions as uncertainty, danger, losses, and probability. Construction of a detailed classification of risks enable to most thoroughly attack the problem of appearance of factors that contribute a risk and to research risks as a whole. Thus, further researches in this branch continue to be actual and necessary, especially for a practical activity. Basing on a classification, each type of a risk can be thoroughly analyzed, modeled, separated into elements. These processes enable to decrease uncertainty of a situation, making an appropriate decision. The classifications of risks considered in the article enable to determine a position of each type of risks in their general system and also effectively use particular techniques and methods of minimization and management of risks.

Разработана система экономико-математических моделей ранжирования вариантов диверсифицированного развития и конверсии горнорудного предприятия с учетом риска. В основу системы положена мультипликативная функция, в которой ключевыми аргументами являются: оценки динамики спроса и предложения минеральной продукции; оценки организационно-технического уровня альтернативных направлений производства минеральной продукции; оценки экономической эффективности альтернативных направлений деятельности и развития производства путем управления смешанными стратегиями. It is built the system of economic and mathematical models for ranking variants of diversified devel-opment and conversion of the mining enterprise, which takes into account the risk. The system is based on a multiplicative function, in which the key arguments are: estimates of the supply and demand dynam-ics of mineral products; estimates of organizational and technical level of alternative directions of mineral products production; estimates of alternative directions economic efficiency for activity and development of production by mixed strategies management.