Объектом исследования в социальном конструктивизме является интерпретация современного ускорения, его оценка, которая может быть положительной или отрицательной, а не осмысление времени и темпоральности как таковой, хотя некоторые авторы готовы признать ее существование. Опираясь на работы А. Шюца, Э. Левинаса, П. Бергмана и Т. Лукмана, современных исследователей (Э. Зерубавеля, Х.-Г. Бро-уза, Б. Гизена и др.), автор данной статьи отмечает, что темпоральные факторы определяют успешность социального взаимодействия, а само социальное представляет собой результат конструирования общего времени. Чем сложнее становится общество, тем больше возникает режимов темпоральности, тем актуальнее оказывается проблема синхронизации. Трансформации темпоральности являются следствием изменения образа жизни и появления новых технологий. Таким образом, темпоральная структура повседневной жизни накладывает определенные ограничения на субъекта. При этом восприятие времени зависит от социальных взаимодействий и реальному изучению доступно только его проявление. Так как нет убедительных методов исследования темпоральности за пределами ее восприятия или проявления, проблема социального времени является эпистемологической, а не онтологической. The object of study in social constructivism is the interpretation of the modern acceleration and its evaluation (positive or negative). Some authors recognize the presence of time as such, but do not study it. Building on the work of A. Schütz, P. Bergman and T. Lukman, E. Levinas, modern researchers (Е. Zerubavel, H. G. Brose, B. Giesen, etc.), the author notes that temporal factors determine the success of social interaction and social is an effect of the overall design time. The increasing complexity of society multiply the number of modes of temporality and enhance the need for synchronization. Thus, the temporal structure of everyday life places limitations on the subject. Thus, the perception of time depends on social interactions, and meaningful learning are only visible manifestation. As there is no convincing methods for the study of temporality outside its perception or existence, the problem of social time is epistemological.

A method is proposed for quantitative assessment of the phase synchronization of 0.1 Hz oscillations in autonomic cardiovascular control by photoplethysmogram analysis in real time. The efficiency of the method is shown in the comparison with the results obtained by the previously developed method.
Borovkova E.l., Ishbulatov Yu.M., Mironov S.A. Method of synchronization assessment of rythms in regulatory systems for signal analysis in real time // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2014, pp. 390-395

Background: Selection of the optimal dose of beta-blocker treatment in myocardial infarction (MI) patients is problematic because of a lack of well-established guidelines. Methods: We evaluated changes in synchronization between 0.1 Hz oscillations in heart rate (HR) and plethysmographic peripheral microcirculation in response to a tilt-table test and to 3-month treatment with the highest tolerated beta-blocker (metoprolol) dose in 43 patients aged between 41 and 77 years with acute MI 6 months prior to the start of the study. Before the study the patients were treated with small doses of beta-blocker. Phase differences between HR and peripheral microcirculation oscillations were used to measure the degree of synchronization (S), and relative change in S from horizontal position was used to characterize the response to vertical tilt. Results: Two groups of MI patients matched for clinical characteristics were identified on the basis of the results. The first group was composed of patients with decreased S as a response to vertical tilt at the beginning of the study. The patients with increased S during vertical tilt before treatment with the highest tolerated beta-blocker dose were attributed to the second group. The response to vertical tilt in the first group of patients was postulated to indicate the need to increase beta-blocker dose, and in turn, the response in the second group to indicate an already adequate beta-blocker dose. Conclusion: Assessment of synchronization of 0.1 Hz HR and peripheral microcirculation oscillations as a response to a tilt test can possibly be used as a guideline for selecting beta-blocker dose in post-MI patients.
Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 2012; 13(8): 491-498

The aim: of this study was to evaluate prognostic value of autonomic regulation indices for the 5-year risk of fatal cardiovascular events in patients after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: We studied 125 patients (53 female) after acute MI aged 30-83 years. The period of observation was 5 years with checkpoints at the first week after acute MI and then annually. Synchronous registration of electrocardiogram (ECG), photoplethysmogram and respiration were made in rest in all patients. The presence of synchronization of 0.1 Hz rhythms in cardiovascular system (CVS) (heart and microcirculation) were determined from the difference of phases. The degree S of 0.1 Hz rhythms synchronization were estimated. Results: We compared prognostic value of different degrees S of synchronization between 0.1 Hz rhythms in CVS for evaluation of the 5-year fatal risk in post-MI patients. S < 20% at the first week after acute MI were identified as the most important factors for evaluation of the risk of 5-year mortality in post-MI patients (χ2 = 10.5, P = 0.005). Sensitivity and specificity of S < 20% at the first week after acute MI were 76% and 43%, respectively. Conclusion: The degree S of 0.1 Hz rhythms synchronization below 20% in post-MI patients is a sensitive marker of high risk of mortality during the subsequent five years.
Journal of Hypertension. 2011. Vol 29. e-Supplement A. P. e528

Synchronization between 0.1 Hz oscillations in heart rate and blood pressure is studied and its change during vertical tilt is evaluated in 37 myocardial infarction patients. Two groups of patients are identified with decreased and increased, respectively, synchronization of the studied oscillations as a response to a tilt test. It is shown that assessment of synchronization of 0.1 Hz oscillations as a response to vertical tilt can be used as a guideline for selecting optimal dose of beta-blocker treatment in post-myocardial infarction patients.
Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 2011. Vol. 76. P.367–372.

Aim: The aim was the studying of synchronization between 0.1 Hz oscillations in heart rate (HR) and plethysmographic peripheral microcirculation (PM) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and in healthy subjects. Material and Method: 12 healthy volunteers aged 26±5 years and 125 patients with AMI aged 65±9 years were involved in the study. Simultaneous registration of electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram were performed during 10 min. In AMI patients the signals were recorded twice: the first record was done during 3-5 days after AMI, the second record was done during the third week after AMI. Phase differences between HR and PM oscillations were used to measure the degree of synchronization (S). Data are submitted as medians with inter-quartile ranges (25%, 75%). Results: S was 65.8% (50.5%; 79.5%) in healthy subjects whereas in AMI patients at the first week after AMI S was 16.3% (9.4%; 24.6%) (p<0.001). In records made at the third week after AMI index S was 18.4% (11.2%; 28.2%). Two groups of AMI patients were identified on the basis of individual S dynamics. In 100 AMI patients no dynamics of S was observed during the observation period and in 25 AMI patients the increase of S was observed. The group of AMI patients with increase of S had greater HR values during the first week after AMI. Conclusion: The index S of synchronization of 0.1 Hz oscillations in HR and PM appears to be a sensitive indicator of autonomic control dynamic disturbances in AMI patients.
Applied Medical Informatics. 2011. Vol. 28. Iss. 1. P. 1-8.

Aim. To compare the effect of fosinopril and atenolol on synchronization of heart 0.1 Hz-rhythms and blood microcirculatory. Material and methods. 63 patients at the age of 47±8 with hypertension (HT) of grade 1-2 were enrolled in the study. 0.1 Hz-oscillations in heart rate variability (HRV) and in filling of microcirculatory bed were registered during passive tilt test under spontaneous breathing. The duration of each stage of test was 10 min. Synchronization was estimated as a phase difference between 0.1 Hz-rhythms of heart rate and filling of microcirculatory bed. Frequency values of HRV spectrum in LF- and HF-ranges were also assessed. Results. Fosinopril and atenolol showed comparable effect on blood pressure (BP) reduction. Atenolol decreased in heart rate significantly. Treatment with either fosinopril or atenolol in patients with significant vegetative dysfunction resulted in repair of functional interaction between heart 0.1 Hz-regulation and microcirculatory bed. Functional dissociation of 0.1 Hz-regulation mechanisms was observed under the treatment with fosinopril or atenolol in patients with initially sufficient interaction. Conclusions. Fosinopril and atenolol influenced similarly on heart 0.1 Hz-mechanisms and microcirculation autonomic regulation in patients with HT. Atenolol is a drug of choice in patients with sympathicotony. Both drugs should be administered in according with an individual level of 0.1-Hz rhythms synchronization assessed before start of the treatment.
Rational Pharmacother. Card. 2010;6(6):803-811

The research goal is to evaluate the impact of autonomic heart control indices on five-year risk of lethal outcome and development of cardiovascular disorders in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to study the dynam¬ics of indices in short- and long-term period. 125 patients with AMI (42% female), ages 30 to 83 years, were enrolled in prospective observational study. Observation period lasted 6 years. Control checking was carried out in 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and then annually. The dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) and the synchronization of 0.1-Hz rhythms of heart and microcirculation (S) were studied during the first year. Outcomes proved to be death, MI, stroke. Development of acute heart failure Killip 2-4 and indices S < 20% during the first week of AMI (х2 = 10,5, p = 0,005 for the Cox model) played a significant role in evaluation of five-year risk of death after AMI. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of index S < 20% during the first week of AMI were 76% and 43% correspondingly. The Cox model showed that indices of HRV and 0.1-Hz rhythms synchronization were not of great value in evaluation of five-year risk of death after AMI. The article concludes that indices S < 20% in patients with AMI possess better prognostic value than common clinical parameters
KiselevA.R., Gridnev V.I., KaravaevA.S., O.M. Posnenkova., V.I. Ponomarenko., M.D. Prokhorov., B.P. Bezruchko., V.A. Shvartz Evaluation of five-year risk of lethal outcome and development of cardiovascular disorders in patients with acute myocardial infarction on basis of 0.1-Hz rhythms synchronization in cardiovascular system // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2010, pp. 328-338

The research goal is to evaluate the impact of autonomic heart control indices on five-year risk of lethal outcome and development of cardiovascular disorders in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to study the dynam¬ics of indices in short- and long-term period. 125 patients with AMI (42% female), ages 30 to 83 years, were enrolled in prospective observational study. Observation period lasted 6 years. Control checking was carried out in 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and then annually. The dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) and the synchronization of 0.1-Hz rhythms of heart and microcirculation (S) were studied during the first year. Outcomes proved to be death, MI, stroke. Development of acute heart failure Killip 2-4 and indices S < 20% during the first week of AMI (х2 = 10,5, p = 0,005 for the Cox model) played a significant role in evaluation of five-year risk of death after AMI. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of index S < 20% during the first week of AMI were 76% and 43% correspondingly. The Cox model showed that indices of HRV and 0.1-Hz rhythms synchronization were not of great value in evaluation of five-year risk of death after AMI. The article concludes that indices S < 20% in patients with AMI possess better prognostic value than common clinical parameters.
Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research. - 2010. - Vol. 6. - Iss. 2. - p. 328-338.

The objective of the present research was to compare the influence of Enalapril and Metoprolol on synchronization of 0.1 Hz-regulation of heart and blood microcirculation. 42 patients aged 49±9 years old with hypertension I, II were included in the study. 0.1 Hz-oscillations in heart rate variability (HRV) and blood microcirculation were registered during the passive orthostatic sign while breathing spontaneously. The duration of each test was 10 minutes. Synchronization was estimated as a phase difference between 0.1 Hz-rhythms in heart rate and in filling of blood microcirculation. Quantitative measures of synchronization were also estimated. In addition frequency values of HRV spectrum in LF- and HF-ranges were assessed. Enalapril and Metoprolol had comparable effect on blood pressure reduction. Treatment with both Enalapril and Metoprolol in patients with significant vegetative dysfunction resulted in repair of functional interaction between 0.1 Hz-regulation of heart and blood microcirculation. Enalapril was preferred in hypertensive patients with prevalence of disorders of vegetative regulation of blood microcirculation. Metoprolol influenced positively on 0,1 Hz-rhythm synchronization in patients with predominance of heart vegetative regulation dysfunction and in patients with sympathicotonia. In patients with hypertension and initially normal level of synchronization of 0.1 Hz-mechanisms treatment with Enalapril or Metoprolol caused functional dissociation. Differentiated approach to the choice of hypertensive therapy should consider individual peculiarities of system vegetative dysfunction. The level of synchronization of 0.1 Hz-rhythms in cardiovascular system should especially be evaluated initially and during the treatment
A.R. Kiselev, A.S. Karavaev, V.I. Gridnev, O.M. Posnenkova, V.A. Shvartz, V.I. Ponomarenko, M.D. Prokhorov, B.P. Bezruchko Comparison of dynamic of autonomic control indices in cardiovascular system under the treatment by ACE inhibitor (Enalapril) and beta-blocker (Metoprolol) in patients with hypertension // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 61-72