Thyroxine and mercazolilum (thiamazole) administration to arctic foxes results in alteration of blood serum protein composition, which includes the decrease of α-globulin relative content. It is established, that thyroxine administration to 5 months aged arctic foxes increases cathepsin D specific activity and decreases the protein content in lysosomal fractions of liver and kidney homogenates. In heart and muscle tissues cathepsin D specific activity correlates with serum thyroxine level. Administration of thyreostatic mercazolilum increases cathepsin B specific activity in liver, kidney and heart lysosomes 

Compared to perch inhabiting the Lake Chuchjarvi, perch from the Lake Vuontelenjarvi Lake exhibited the features of energy metabolism related to fish adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. We demonstrated activation of oxidative metabolism in the gills, was accompanied by more active use of carbohydrates, compared to the control sample. Intensification of energy metabolism was probably due to more active function of the gill apparatus as a result of increased demand for oxygen under stress. The activation of energy metabolism was also observed in the liver of perch from the Lake Vuontelenjarvi. In this case the carbohydrate sources of the liver and muscle lactate, delivered by the blood circulation system, were used more intensively. A characteristic feature of perch from the Lake Vuontelenjarvi was more intensive use of pyruvate not only in glyconeogenesis but also in the reaction of dioxyacetonephosphate reduction to form glycezol-3-phosphate. The utilization of muscle lactate in the course of glyconeogenesis was accompanied by an increase in the role of the liver-specific LDH isozyme D4. The activation of metabolism in the fish liver was characterized by enhanced utilization of carbohydrate sources 

The antiproliferative, differentiating and apoptogenic effects of sodium butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate on K562 cells was investigated. Induction of erythroid differentiation (hemoglobin synthesis) in cancer cells was observed after 4 days of incubation in 2 mM concentration of these chemical reagents. Analysis of the DNA-degrading effect (induction of apoptosis) of the reagents used on K562 cells showed that modulation of activity of caspase 9 and also caspases 3, 7 is induced solely by sodium butyrate. Sodium isobutyrate and isovalerate induced activation of caspase 3, 7 in K562 cells and did not affect apoptosis 

A content of total lipids, phospholipids and their fractions, fatty acids of summary lipids of mussels Mytilus edulis L. under influence by various levels of water salinity (25% as a control, 15%, 5%) in aquarium experiment were analyzed with thin-layer, high-performance liquid, gas-liquid chromatography methods. An origin and membrane-structural function of nonmethylene-interrupted fatty acids for mussels, the role of lipid and fatty-acid spectrum modifications and cholesterol/phospholipids index under adaptations to water desalination are discussed 

The activity and some properties of intracellular proteolytic enzymes in the mantle of blue mussel Mytilus edulis L. of two ecological groups (littoral and sublittoral) at acclimation to variable salinity (5-45 extpertothousand) were investigated in aquaria experiment. The role of the cell proteolytic system, including neutral cytoplasmic proteinases (calpains) and acid lysosomal proteinases (cathepsins B and D) in compensator responses at salinity adaptations was shown. Observed changes in biochemical parameters at salinity variations indicate high resistance of mussel cell proteolysis, which is connected, obviously, with evolutionary, physiological and ecological features of investigated species. Experimental results confirm literature data concerning limits in mussel physiological tolerance and threshold concentrations of salinity factor 

The cytochrome P-450 is unique part of protective system, which takes part in adaptation of organism and in metabolism of endobiotics and xenobiotics. Amond them are cholesterol and bile acids. The hydroxylase activity of cytochrome P-450 from microsomes of Coregonus lavaretus L. and their bile acids contents from bile was assessed by spectophotometrical methods. Coregonus lavaretus L. was taken from clear water reservoir (Nyzshnya Pyrenga lake) and from polluted water reservoir which polluted of Kovdor GOK company pollutants. In this work it was shown that the reaction of male and female to this pollution was very different. It was necessary to asses this changes as adaptive mechanism and to asses this changes (as) changes which can lead to save homeostasis 

The activity of the acid nucleases was determined in order to study their role in heavy metals stress adaptation in fishes throughout complex investigation of ecological importance of lysosomal enzymes. Decrease of the enzymatic activity in stressed fishes was shown 

By method of low pressure liquid chromatography on Toyopearl TSK HW-40S the qualitative and quantitative composition of low molecular weight peptides (10 kDa and lower) of pike and roach muscles from reservoirs with different ecological conditions (industrial water of mining plant and clear lake) was investigated. Quantitative change in composition of components enriched with sulf-hydryl groups was revealed. Received data show that pike protein metabolism in condition of sharp shift of Na+:K++ balance to K+ violate in essentially lower degree than in roach 

Начальным толчком к современному развитию проблемы коммуникации нервных клеток можно считать исследования выдающегося испанского нейробиолога, нобелевского лауреата 1906 г., Рамона-и-Кахала. 110 лет назад он опубликовал книгу, название которой в переводе с французского звучит так: "Новые идеи относительно тонкой анатомии нервных центров". В ней впервые была обоснована морфологическая самостоятельность нейронов и глиальных клеток. Было четко показано, что в нервной системе отсутствуют синцитиальные отношения. Каждая нервная клетка --- маленькое независимое государство, входящее в обширное сообщество. Эти исследования создали концептуальную основу ответа на важнейший вопрос: как общаются нервные клетки. Кахал был первым, кто показал, что нейроны получают информацию в районах их дендритов и тел, а распространяют исходящую информацию по аксонам. Он назавал это очень точно "законом динами- ческой поляризации" ...  

The aim of the present investigation was to examine the peculiarities of brain development and formation of movements in rats after hypoxia on the 13-14-th day of embriogenesis. There were observed nervous tissue disruptions in sensorimotor cortex and striatum on different ontogenetic stages by Nissl and Golgi methods. During the 1-st month of postnatal ontogenesis the pups subjected to prenatal hyp have demonstrated development delay in physiological development and disturbance of normal movement behaviour. These alterations may in part recover during life span. However adult rat after prenatal hypoxia demonstrate deterioration of learning to push a piston by a forepaw. Thus, the changes of prenatal conditions in fixed period of embriogenesis led to alterations of ontogenetic development and deterioration of learning abilities