The archaeological study of Saint Petersburg having been held already for forty years becomes more topical at the threshold of the 300-year anniversary. The materials of the archeological excavating on Kronverk — one of the earliest part of Saint Petersburg — are published in the present article. The exploratory trenches helped to define the border of earliest defensive ramparts, which differed from the modern one very much, to find the remains of the house, where one of the fist builders of Saint Petersburg lived in. One of the most important results of this excavating was the revelation of the traces of the ploughed field, which had been at the place of the fortress long before the beginning of the construction works. This discovery is the valuable evidence of the cultural and economical opening up of this territory before the city's foundation. Having based on the results of the held excavation the author of the article to outline the direction of the further investigations in this field 

In the article the February revolution studies as “a stream of revolutions”. The draftsman appropriated a phenomenon of church revolution. Church revolution is a integrated two — forked process, during which proceeded the decomposition of the church constitution and attempts of revival of Orthodoxy were taken simultaneously. One of the prime components of the church revolution was the movement for creation national churches among ruins of the Imperial Church. It is important particularly to analyze the coming into being the Ukrainian church nationalism, — “the church ukrainstvo”, — in context of the church revolution of the 1917 year 

The article reveals the problem of relationships of Synod, summoned by the ordinance of Nicolas II in 1916, and the “revolutionary” Provisional Government. This theme has never been a subject of any specific historical research. Beginning in 1920-th, there was only a series of established estimate-stereotypes in historiography, which moved from one edition to another (for example, the character of “revolutionary ober-prokuror V.Lvov” was determined as inconsistent, psychologically uneven person). Such historical myths only encumbered any serious research. The originality of the article also consists in using of wide basis of sources (first of all of the archives of St. Petersburg and Moscow). Many documents are used for the first time 

The Russian civil war (1917-1922) was one of the most dramatical events in the history of our country. In spite of all the works concerning this historical period, it isn't known well enough. Next to nothing is known about the reasons which influenced over people's choice in joining Bolsheviks or antibolshevist forces or staying neutral without interfering into struggle between them. In the present article is made an attempt to find out the socio-political role of the provincial clergy in relations with Bolsheviks or antibolshevist forces and to analyze the results of the clergy's activity and its influence over the further destiny of the Russian Orthodox Church, the most powerful religious organization in our country 

The article is devoted to the position of the Russian prisoners of war during the Crimean War (1853-1856). It is based on the documents of the Russian State Navy archives, the Russian State Military History archives and on the different memoirs of the prisoners of war. The article describes the quantities and location of the prisoners of war, the conditions of their living and attitude of the local population in Britain, France and Turkey to the Russian prisoners of war 

The process of reorganization of preparing military artillery regulars system during military reforms in the second part of XIX century is considered in article. Unfortunately, this memorable event is not completely researched and has no proper reflection in military-historical literature. Directions of bringing artillery units and establishments up to strength with fireworkers, junior technical specialists and officers are shown. Educational process in training units and military institutes is characterized. Development of professional training of artillery officers in troops is analyzed 

The article devotes to the history of the TcVPK after the October 1917. The activity of the Committee at this period was aimed at the demobilization of the property unnecessary for the army and the navy and they managed to achieve some positive results in this direction. At the same time, after the Bolsheviks took power there was the actual problem of possibility of saving the Committee in its previous form. Members of TsVPK, mainly its leaders, was trying both to save the Committee as a public organization and to arrange the cooperation with the Soviet power. However in March 1918 the Fourth Meeting of the Committee members took place. As a result of this Meeting the Committee was put under control of the VSNKh and was renamed as Central National Industrial Committee (TsNPK). After appropriation the property of the Committee by local SNKh and Soviets the Committee was abolished in December 1918 

The article deals with the VII department of the Department of common affaif the central government body had been occupied with national questions. The aim of the article is to define the departments role in the Home Office, to find out the influence of the I World war on the departments structure and new activity directions. One of the most interesting direction is fight with germans dominant in agrarian sphere and industry and strengthening Russian basises in Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia. The investigation of the structures links of the Home Office on the eve of the I World war shows mechanism of State machinery work and processes, which took place in Russian Empire in war time 

Within Northern war the Swedish armies three times tried to grasp of St. Petersburg — new capital of Russia. The first attempt was undertaken в1704. Second time the swedes have appeared under city in 1705, and third — in 1708. However in all three cases Russian armies beat off attacks of the swedes. The Swedish fleet also tried to break to St. Petersburg from the sea (In 1704 and 1705), but was reflected by Russian fleet. Thus, all attempts of the swedes to grasp again created capital of Russia have not resulted in success. Russian armies competently organized a defense, leaning(basing) on крепостные of strengthening, using the superiority in artillery and not allowing the swedes to be forwarded through the rivers. Only once Swedish armies managed to be forwarded, however it has helped them nor. As a whole of the swedes have not brought Russian serious efforts and did not compel to tighten to St.Petersburg of force from other sites of battle(dashing) actions 

The system of the food maintenance of the troops on the eve and during the first World War is regarded in this article. The study of the structure and functioning mechanisms of the system allows the author to analyze the effectiveness of the work of all Russian army quartermaster services on the whole critically appreciating concrete measures on providing army with the most necessary things