Nanomaterials can be used for a medical application because of some unique property that its size (and often chemistry) imparts. Therefore evaluating the safety of nanoparticles should be of highest priority given their expected worldwide distribution for medicine. Aim of study: encompass in vivo morphological and functional changes after expose of functionalized gold nanoparticles in laboratory animals by per oral and intravenous route.Materials and methods: we used solutions of gold nanospheres 15 nm, 50 nm and Au/Si02 nanoshells 160 nm; 50 white laboratory rats (weight 180¬200 g). Experiment design: Organ changes were investigated on the white laboratory rats (N=50), blank control group (N=5). Animals were divided into 2 groups. Animals of first group (N=35) received 1 ml of nanoparticles per os during 7 days. On the 8th day all animals were sacrificed. For animals of second group (N=18) 1 ml of each solution was injected in the tail vein. In 24 h after injection the following organs were taken: brain, kidney, liver, lung, spleen. For histological examination samples were fixated by 10% solution of formaldehyde. After fixation histological slides were prepared and stained according to standard technique. Results:In the kidney - hyperemia and degeneration of epithelium of convoluted tubules. Changes in the glomeruli are maximal in per oral administration of 15-nm nanoparticles. In the spleen - maximal changes are observed in per oral administration of 50-nm NPs. White pulp is damaged, peripheral zone of lymphoid nodules is indistinct, and nodules have no germinal centers. In the red pulp we can see severe congestion of the blood. There is large amount of hemosiderin and nanoparticles in the red pulp. In the liver degree of degeneration and hyperemia correlate with the size of NPS. Changes are more developed for per oral use. Degeneration is maximal for smallest NPS and hyperemia is most expressed for largest NPs. In the lung - in vessels we found separation of the blood cells and plasma, moderate hyperemia and accumulation of NPs in the blood (75% of cases). Maximal changes were observed in per oral use of 15- nm NPs. Conclusion: the most pronounced morphological changes were observed during chronic per oral use. Morphological changes commonly have size-dependent character.
Вестник российского государственного медицинского университета, г. Москва, 2011. Вып. 1. С. 224