The synthesis of research on colonial America by Earle (1992) and independent America by Berry (1991) results in identification of the seven long Kondratieff waves that have unfolded since initial settlement in the early seventeenth century and the ‘Great Recession’ of the first decade of the twenty-first century. Earle's three colonial long waves have the same timing as those of industrializing and industrial America, documented by Berry. https://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/1213972/