In this paper are proposed the initial theoretical considerations of the study of geographies of the past of South-Western Siberia, which expected to be the one of the series of monographs on Historical Geography of Russia, edited by Russian Geographical Society. The starting point of this regional synthesis is the critical reconsideration of the hypothesis of dynamic evolution of the spatial social structures in the south-western part of Siberia in XV-XX cent. In the first part of this paper the main statements of the South-Western Siberia’s Hypothesis and possible directions of its criticism are discussing; in the second, using the experience of the standard regional projects, we are evaluating the necessity of interdisciplinary cooperation in this regional synthesis; in the third are demonstrating the some principal critical tools of this synthesis.