Objective: to identify the microscopic features of the structure of the thyroid gland in different forms of its pathology. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the thyroid glands of 199 patients of both sexes aged 21 to 74 years. Results. At the micro-macrofollicular nontoxic goiter was found flattened thyroid epithelium with flattened normochromic nucleus, the small size of cells and nuclei, low nuclear-cytoplasmic index, intrafollicular moderate epithelial proliferation, homogeneous colloid and moderate diffuse lymphoid infiltration. At the micro-macrofollicular toxic goiter detected cubic epithelium with rounded normochromic kernel, smallest size of cells and nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic minimum index intrafollicular focal proliferation of the epithelium, colloid mesh boundary with severe vacuolization, focal lymphoid infiltration and hemorrhage. When diffuse toxic goiter detected cubic form cells of medium size with a fairly high nuclear-cytoplasmic index, rounded normochromic kernel, rare intrafollicular epithelial proliferation, homogeneous colloid with an edge vacuolization. With the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis was observed flattened epithelium with rounded normochromic nucleus, the small size of cells and nuclei, found the average nuclear-cytoplasmic index, homogeneous colloid and extensive lymphoid infiltration with light propagation centers. Adenoma of the thyroid gland epithelium was found with a cubic cell shape, round hyperchromatic nucleus, the large size of cells and nuclei, high nuclear-cytoplasmic index intrafollicular diffuse proliferation of epithelial and dense colloid. When thyroid cancer found the prevalence of papillary structures with short broad papillae formed polymorphic cells with round hyperchromatic nucleus, there is the largest size of cells and nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic maximum index expressed intrafollicular diffuse proliferation of the epithelium. Conclusions. Each form of thyroid disease, along with well-known typical microscopic manifestations is a characteristic regional feature of the microstructure.
Khayrullin R.M., Kalmin O.V., Kalmin O.O. The structure of thyroid gland in its pathology // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2015, pp. 113-117

Purpose: the complete analysis of the morphological parameters of the thyroid gland in various forms of thyroid pathology by methods of mathematical modeling. Material and Methods. Histologically examined samples of operating thyroid glands of 199 patients of both sexes aged 21 to 74 years, were treated surgically. Experimental data were studied by factorial and discriminant analysis. Results. When the factor analysis of 60 experimental parameters were identified 14 major factors that indicate 14 main trends in the dynamics of the structure of the thyroid gland due to an increase in severity of pathological processes. Discriminant analysis showed that the study of quantitative structure of the thyroid gland there may be cases of erroneous inclusion in the theoretical option groups, however, the study of the entire set of indicators observed a 100% correct distribution of cases by groups of pathology. Conclusion. As a result, the factor of the original system of 60 morphological parameters of thyroid pathology in various forms has been minimized to 14 new uncorrelated parameters (main factors), reflecting changes in the morphology of the basic laws of the pathology of the gland. As a result of the discriminant analysis of morphological parameters of the thyroid gland in different types of its pathology the importance of semi-quantitative parameters of thyroid structure has been revealed.
Kalmin O.V., Kalmin О.О.. Mathematical modeling of structural indices of thyroid gland in thyroid pathology // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 38-44

The purpose of the article is to examine the state of thyroid system in workers of mining and processing plant, working in harmful conditions. Materials and Methods: The working conditions of 407 workers of concentrator (study group) and 128 women workers of energy department (control group). The level of thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine, anti-thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin has been determined in 88 women-workers of the main group and 82 women workers of control group. 80 women-workers of main group have been examined on the iodine content in the hair. Results: It has been found that the conditions of workers at enrichment of copper-zinc ore are characterized by the influence of these chemical factors, dust, industrial noise, adverse climate. In the study of blood serum and hair decreased levels of iodine in their hair and deviations due to decrease of thyroid function, and strengthening of the body»s autoimmune processes have been revealed. Conclusion: Harmful working conditions in concentrating factory cause the risk of pathology of the thyroid gland.
Lozovaya E.V., Gaynullina М.К., Masyagutova L.M., Karimova L.K. Laboratory assessment of the thyroid system in women working at concentrating factory // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 201-203

The review deals with the problem of combined pathology of the thyroid gland and cardiovascular system, the state of thyroid homeostasis in atrial fibrillation. The main mechanisms of action of thyroid hormones on the heart and blood vessels, particularly changes in the cardiovascular system with hypo-or hyperthyroidism; the possibility of substitution therapy in subclinical disease have been presented in the article. Characteristics of daily rhythmic activity of thyroid gland in normal and various pathological conditions with persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation have been considered.
Baurina Yu.O., Mayskova Е.А., Shvarts Yu.G. Early thyroid gland dysfunction and biorhythmic activity disturbance in patients with cardiovascular pathology and atrial fibrillation // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 8, Issue 4, 2012, pp. 926-933