Тhe problem of multicentricity brain damage is relevant in connection with the presence of many diseases, shown data of radiation syndrome. Timely detection of pathological processes allows to carry out adequate therapy from the early stages of the disease, which considerably improves the course and prognosis of the disease. The article presents some aspects of differential diagnostics of vascular, infammatory, infectious and hereditary diseases, shown multicen-tricity lesions of the substance of the brain MRI study.