A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air and nitrite/nitrate in water and soil samples has been developed. Nitrogen dioxide in air has been fixed as nitrite ion using alkaline sodium arsenite as absorbing medium. The method is based on the reaction of nitrite with aminophenyl benzimidazole in acid medium to form diazonium ion, which is coupled with N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form an azo dye with an absorption maximum at 555 nm in aqueous phase. The method obeys Beer’s law in the concentration range 0–10 mg of nitrite in 25 ml solution. The molar absorptivity has been found to be 6.3
104 l mol21 cm21. The dye can be extracted quantitatively into isoamyl alcohol under alkaline condition and the addition of methanolic hydrochloric acid restores the original dye colour. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 0–2 mg of nitrite with a detection limit of 0.009 mg. The effect of interfering species has been studied and the developed method has been applied to determine trace levels of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air and the results have been compared with the standard method. It is also applied to measure the nitrite/nitrate levels of surface and ground water samples collected from lakes, tube wells as well as soil samples.

o-Phenylenediamine has been used as a reagent to quantify nitrites= nitrates in a variety of sample matrices. The method is based on the cyclization reaction between o-phenylenediamine and nitrite in acid medium. The amine undergoes diazotization with nitrite in the presence of acid to form the diazonium ion, which subsequently cyclizes to yield yellowish orange benzotriazole at room temperature with an absorption maximum at 450 nm. The formed dye has been separated, purified, and characterized by IR, NMR, and spectroscopy techniques. The parameters of the reaction between amine and nitrite have been optimized. The effect of interfering ions on the determination of nitrites=nitrates has been described. The developed method has been applied for the determination of residual NO2 gas present in the ambient air after fixing it as a nitrite ion using sodium arsenite as a trapping medium. The dye formed has been extracted into organic solvent to improve the detection limit during the measurement of low levels of ambient NO2 in air. The method obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range 0–250 mg in aqueous medium and 0–50 mg in organic medium with molar absorptivity of 4.09
104L mol1 cm1 and 4.3
104 L mol1 cm1 respectively. Nitrate is determined by reducing it to nitrite after passing through the copperized

A novel and simple method has been proposed for the estimation of nitrite/nitrate based on the reduction of arsenomolybdic acid to arsenomolybdenum blue using ascorbic acid. The obtained arsenomolybdenum blue complex has been oxidized by the addition of nitrite and the decrease in the absorbance of blue color is directly proportional to the nitrite quantity. The absorbance of the arsenomolybdenum blue complex has been measured at 840 nm. All the reaction variables have been optimized and Beer’s law has been obeyed in the concentration range 2–10 mg in 25 mL of aqueous phase with a molar absorptivity 4.37
104 L mol1 cm1. The relative standard deviation of the method has been found to be 1.7% for five measurements with a detection limit of 0.003 mg mL1. The method has been applied to determine nitrite/nitrate levels in biological samples as well as environmental samples.