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C.C. Azodo, O. Ehigiator, A.O. Ehizele, O. Ololo, Ashish Runthala, Amit Kumar Singh, Risqa Rina Darwita, Iwany Amalliah, Alphonsus N. Onyiriuka, Zohair Jamil Gazzaz, Khalid Obeid Dhafar, Abdul Fatah Sindy, Mian Usman Farooq, Shakeel Ahmad Mian, S.R. Kulkarni, К.Р. Ravindra, С. Dhume, P.V. Rataboli, E. Rodrigues, E.E. Rodrigues, Georgi Tomov, L.C. De Castro Rossi, I. Dalben, S.C. Mangini Bocchi, Elena V. Chernyshkova Full English article from Saratov Journal of Medical Scienific Research (2010-2011 years) // Russian Open Medical Journal, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 106-0

The research goal is to study morphological changes after direct electropulse effect (DEPE) on the wall of urinary tract. Materials and methods: Materials of renal pelvis (25 fragments, n), ureter (n=33) and urinary bladder (n=20) from open surgeries were used. During the surgical intervention a few small fragments were resected to study the organ, immersed on a Petri-dish with solution of 0.9% NaCI. Mucosa was subjected to 1-20 single nanosecond electric impulses of intensity 0.8-1.0 J using probe of electropulse lithotriptor «Urolith-105M». The fragments were fixed in formalin, and then tissue sections were made. Results: Wall of renal pelvis was the most resistant to DEPE. Epithelial desquama-tion, basal disorganization, capillary dilatation and edema were observed within submucosal layer on application up to 10 impulses of intensity 1.0 J in the same point of mucosa. Walls of ureter and urinary bladder were less resistant to the DEPE, where just 5 impulses of intensity 1.0 J caused similar disorders, and 10 impulses of intensity 1.0 J caused damage to the entire thickness of the muscular layer up to adventitia. Conclusion: DEPE of urinary tract mucosa with a number of electric impulses from 1 to 20 with intensity of 0.8 to 1.0 J is a safe method. It causes morphological disorders within the muscular layer but it does not lead to wall perforation
Gudkov А.V., Boshchenko V.S., Nedosekov V.V. Morphological changes in urinary tract wall after direct electropulse effect: in vitro study // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 7, Issue 4, 2011, pp. 937-941

Effective ablation of dental hard tissues by means of the erbium:yttrium-aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser has been reported recently, and its application to caries removal and cavity preparation has been expected. However, few studies have investigated the morphological changes in hard dental tissues after Er: YAG laser caries treatment. In the present study the morphological changes in hard dental tissues after Er: YAG laser caries ablation in vitro was compared with that of conventional mechanical treatment. Thirty extracted human teeth with caries were used. Ten tooth was treated with the Er: YAG laser, and the other was treated with a conventional steel and diamond burs. Laser treatment was performed by means of a non-contact irradiation modes with cooling water spray, with a new Er: YAG laser (LiteTouch). Conventional bur treatment was conducted by means of a low-speed micromotor and air turbine with water cooling. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations were performed for each treatment. The Er: YAG laser ablated carious dentin effectively with minimal thermal damage to the surrounding intact dentin, and removed infected and softened carious dentin to the same degree as the burtreatment. In addition, a lower degree of vibration was noted with the Er: YAG laser treatment. The SEM examination revealed characteristic micro-irregularities of the lased dentin and enamel surfaces with potential benefits for adhesive restorations. Our results show that the Er: YAG laser is promising as a new technical modality for caries treatment
Tomov Georgi SEM evaluation of the morphological changes in hard dental tissues prepared by Er: YAG laser and rotary instruments // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2010, pp. 667-671