Ni@C nanocomposites and the carbon shells extracted by etching Ni@C in nitric acid have been characterized by means of soft X-ray absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. It was found on the base of Ni 2p X-ray absorption spectra and atomic multiplet calculations that Ni traces in the carbon-shell sample are in the Ni2+ state formed probably by nickel nitrate hexahydrate, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O. Second derivatives of C 1s of X-ray absorption spectra and C 1s X-ray photoelectron spectra were used for characterization of functional groups linked to carbon shells of nanocomposites. The application of second derivatives of C 1s of X-ray absorption spectra allowed to confirm AA stacking of carbon layers for highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The low-energy features in C 1s XAS spectra of Ni@C and carbon-shell samples are found to be of a different nature. Most likely, the low-energy C 1s XAS feature of the carbon-shell sample is formed due to hydrogenation of carbon atom.

Aim: to compare the repair process of DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells after acute versus prolonged exposure to X-ray irradiation with different dose rates. Material and methods. Studies were performed on primary human fibroblasts isolated from skin biopsies of healthy volunteers (women, 29 and 30 years). Cells were irradiated using an X-ray machine RUB RUST-M1 (JSC "Ruselectronics", Moscow, Russia) at 37°C temperature with a dose rate of 400 mGy/min (200 kV, 2*2.4 mA, a filter of 1.5mm AI) or 4 mGy/min (50 kV, 2*0.4 mA, a filter of 1.5 mm AI). Immuno-cytochemical protein staining was utilized for yH2AX and Rad51 foci analysis. Results. Phosphorylated histone H2AX (yH2AX) and the key protein of homologous recombination Rad51 foci formation and disappearance kinetics were investigated simultaneously in primary human dermal fibroblasts after acute and prolonged exposure to X-ray radiation at a same dose. It was shown that the relative yield of yH2AX foci per dose reduces with decrease in dose rate, while the relative yield of Rad51 foci conversely increases. Conclusion. Our findings suggest the fundamental differences in the ratio of non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination DNA repair in acute versus prolonged irradiated cells.
Ozerov I.V., Eremin P.S., Osipov A.N., Eremin I.I., Tsvetkova A.D., Guseva S.S., Ivanova K.Yu., Gavrilenko 0.I., Pustovalova M.V., Smetanina N.M., Grekhova A.K., Lazareva N.L., Pullin A.A., Maksimova О.A., Gordeev A.V., Bushmanov A.Yu., Kotenko K.V. Characteristics of changes in the number of yH2AX and Rad51 protein foci in human skin fibroblasts after prolonged exposure to low-dose rate X-ray radiation // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 10, Issue 4, 2014, pp. 739-743

n/a
C.C. Azodo, O. Ehigiator, A.O. Ehizele, O. Ololo, Ashish Runthala, Amit Kumar Singh, Risqa Rina Darwita, Iwany Amalliah, Alphonsus N. Onyiriuka, Zohair Jamil Gazzaz, Khalid Obeid Dhafar, Abdul Fatah Sindy, Mian Usman Farooq, Shakeel Ahmad Mian, S.R. Kulkarni, К.Р. Ravindra, С. Dhume, P.V. Rataboli, E. Rodrigues, E.E. Rodrigues, Georgi Tomov, L.C. De Castro Rossi, I. Dalben, S.C. Mangini Bocchi, Elena V. Chernyshkova Full English article from Saratov Journal of Medical Scienific Research (2010-2011 years) // Russian Open Medical Journal, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 106-0

Aim: the study of the physical effect of the local dose increasing in biological tissue at the gadolinium-containing drug under the influence of X-ray radiation. Material and Methods. Experimental and three independent numerical methods are obtained distribution of the absorbed dose in tissue-equivalent phantom containing a model of the tumor with a given concentration of gadolinium. Results. The presence of a gadolinium-containing drug in the biological tissue (1% Gd by weight) leads to a local increase of an absorbed dose up to 2 times under the influence of X-ray radiation. The difference in the results obtained calculated and experimental methods does not exceed 12%. Conclusion. The results of the study confirmed the basic theoretical background photon capture therapy, as well as the legal use of methods of mathematic modeling of the process of forming radiation in biological tissue, necessary for dosimetric photon capture therapy planning.
Sheino I.N., Izhevskij P. W., Lipengolts A.A. Background of photon-capture therapy principle of malignant cancer treatment // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 9, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 878-881

Проверена возможность использования рентгенодифрактометрических экспериментов по определению поглощательной способности металлов к рентгеновскому излучению для оценки изменений структуры в результате упрочняющей обработки. Показано, что эффективная длина поглощения рентгеновских лучей в металлах связана со структурными перестройками при активной пластической деформации и при формировании поверхностных плёнок. It was checked the possibility of X-rays diffractometric experiments using for determining of the x-ray absorbability of metals for determining the changes in its structure as a result of strengthening treatment. It was shown that the effective absorption length of X-rays in metals depended on structure change at the active plastic deformation and on the formation of surface films.

This study highlighted referral rate for X-rays with positive findings in an Emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. This was a retrospective review of Emergency department(ED) cards/files of patients visited (ED) of Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, during the month of April, 2006G. The total of 660 (22%) out of 2980 ED patients were included in the study and 1472 X-rays of different regions were done for them. Majority 288 (43.3%) were below 24yrs of age while males 372 (56.3%) and Saudis 400 (60%) were predominant. The discharged patients were 572 (86.6%), and 4(0.6%) were died. Six hundred and twenty (93.9%) patients got exposures rang of 1-4 while only four (0.6%) got more than eight exposures to X-rays. It was found that lower limb was exposed 384 times (26%), followed by chest 320 (21.7%). Overall 240 (16.3%) X-rays had positive findings with majority of upper limb 60 (50%) followed by chest 72 (22.5%). Pelvis & perineum had no positive X-ray. Patients from injury & poisoning were predominant 224 (33.9%) followed by respiratory disorders 104 (15.7%). Eighty four percent X-rays had no positive findings. Majority of X-rays were done for lower limb. Neck, pelvis & perineum X-rays had no positive findings
Gazzaz Zohair Jamil, Dhafar Khalid Obeid, Sindy Abdul Fatah, Farooq Mian Usman, Mian Shakeel Ahmad X-rays referral in an emergency department // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2010, pp. 612-614