Ni@C nanocomposites and the carbon shells extracted by etching Ni@C in nitric acid have been characterized by means of soft X-ray absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. It was found on the base of Ni 2p X-ray absorption spectra and atomic multiplet calculations that Ni traces in the carbon-shell sample are in the Ni2+ state formed probably by nickel nitrate hexahydrate, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O. Second derivatives of C 1s of X-ray absorption spectra and C 1s X-ray photoelectron spectra were used for characterization of functional groups linked to carbon shells of nanocomposites. The application of second derivatives of C 1s of X-ray absorption spectra allowed to confirm AA stacking of carbon layers for highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The low-energy features in C 1s XAS spectra of Ni@C and carbon-shell samples are found to be of a different nature. Most likely, the low-energy C 1s XAS feature of the carbon-shell sample is formed due to hydrogenation of carbon atom.

http://scipeople.ru/publication/118623/; Toxicity of Gold Nanoparticles for Plants in Experimental Aquatic System S. A. Ostroumov, V. A. Poklonov, S. V. Kotelevtsev, and S. N. Orlov Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia email: ostroumov@mail.bio.msu.ru Received April 10, 2013 Abstract: Increased production and use of nanomaterials can lead to new types of pollution of the environment, including aquatic ecosystems. Pollution of the aqueous environment with nanoparticles can be a new type of pollution of the environment. This requires a more detailed study of the biological effects during exposure of nanoparticles on aquatic organisms. The interactions of gold nanoparticles (Au) with aquatic macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum have been studied. Aquatic microcosms with these plants were used. Gold nanoparticles (Au) were added to the aqueous medium of C. demersum macrophyte containing microcosms. The state of the plants was then analyzed. Phytotoxicity of Au nanoparticles for aquatic macrophytes was shown for the first time. A new method of phytotoxicity detection was suggested and successfully approved. Phytotoxicity at a concentration of Au (in the form of nanoparticles) of 6 . 10–6 M–1.8 . 10–5 M was shown. Original Russian Text © S.A. Ostroumov, V.A. Poklonov, S.V. Kotelevtsev, S.N. Orlov, 2014, published in Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Biologiya, 2014, No. 3, pp. 19–23. Keywords: hydrobionts, aquatic, microcosms, macrophytes, nanoparticles, Au, Ceratophyllum demersum, gold, toxicity, phytotest, phytotoxicity, nanomaterials, nanotoxicity, nanotechnology DOI: 10.3103/S0096392514030080
ISSN 0096-3925, Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin, 2014, Vol. 69, No. 3, pp. 108–112. © Allerton Press, Inc., 2014.

The likely dependence of immunoallergic diseases on the profile of atmospheric city suspension is discussed in the article. Hypotheses about the rise in indetermination of the "atmospheric suspension of the Earth" based on the results of laser granulometry and scanning electronic microscopy are presented.
Proceedings of the VI WORLD ASTHMA, ALLERGY & COPD FORUM and XVIII INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON IMMUNOREHABILITATION AND REHABILITATION IN MEDICINE (London (UK), April 27-30, 2013). P.49-52.

Objective: Morphological changes of internal organs and brain of laboratory animals have been studied at prolonged oral administration of iron nanoparticles in experiments. Materials and methods: Iron nanoparticles 70±10 nm, 28 male white rats, and morphological methods of evaluation have been used in the experiment. Results: Studies have shown that the changes depend on nanoparticle concentration and signs of circulatory disorders and degenerative changes of parenchymatous elements
Navolokin N.A., Kun S.M. Morphological changes of internal organs and brain at prolonged oral administration of iron nanoparticles // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 7, Issue 4, 2011, pp. 760-762

The research objective was to study the dynamics of the bacterial contamination and the healing rate of the experimental purulent wound when applying the suspension of copper, iron, zinc nanoparticles locally. Iron, copper and zinc nanoparticles received by a plasmochemical method were used under the influence of a plasmic stream with the temperature 5000-6000°K. 40 white rats — males with purulent wounds were used in the investigation. Planimetric and bacteriological methods of study helped evaluate the traumatic process. They were carried out on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and 14th days. Application of the suspension of copper nanoparticles ensured the elimination of the causative agent which had contaminated the wound in a short period of time in comparison with the groups in which iron and zinc nanoparticles had been applied and the control group. The shortest term of wound healing was detected when using the suspension of copper nanoparticles; a rather less healing rate was observed when using the suspension of zinc nanoparticles. Regenerating action of iron nanoparticles was less evident considerably, but significantly differed from the control group. In conclusion it was stated that the use of the suspensions of metal nanoparticles in the isotonic solution was proved to be effective in the local treatment of purulent wounds. Suppression of microbial flora and regenerative action were detected to various degrees. The most evident antiseptic and regenerative action was determined in copper nanoparticles
Babushkina I. V. Metal nanoparticles in treatment of experimental purulent wounds // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2011, pp. 530-533

Ostroumov S.A., Kotelevtsev S.V. Toxicology of nanomaterials and environment. - Ecologica. 2011, vol. 18, issue 61, pp. 3-10. Manufactured nanoparticles demonstrated a variety of biological activities, including toxicity. The goal of this review articles is to summarize some evidence of a variety of toxic effects produced by manufactured nanoparticles, including both the data from literature and the new data of the authors (e.g., [42]). The toxicity of nanomaterials was shown both to prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. As for eukaryotic organisms, toxicity was found in bioassays with both animal and plant test systems. In further studies, it is necessary to continue the studies of various aspects of toxicity of nanoparticles, and to extend the range of organisms and test systems that are being used for assessing the biological effects of nanomaterials. The methods that were previously developed to study phytotoxicity of chemicals [15-28, 48] will be useful to generate new data on toxicology of nanomaterials.
Ecologica. 2011, vol. 18, issue 61, pp. 3-10.

Reported herein is the synthesis of stable dispersion copper nanoparticles by chemical reduction of Copper Chloride (CuCl2) in a water-in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) medium using sodiumborohydrate (NaBH4) as reducing agent, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the stabilizer and Sodium (bis-2ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate(AOT) as co-surfactant at temperature 40 o C and pressure in the range of 2000 psi-2400psi. UV-visible spectroscopy exhibits a typical emission peak at 560-590 nm for Cu nanoparticles. By changing the reaction pressure and the stabilizer concentration, the size and the shape of the copper nanoparticles could be easily controlled. The X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that the Cu nanoparticles formed in the range of 4-8 nm which are in consistent with the TEM images.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПОЛИЭЛЕМЕНТНОГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ МОРСКОЙ ВОДЫ МЕТАЛЛАМИ (ИОНЫ Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb И НАНОЧАСТИЦЫ Au) НА СПОСОБНОСТЬ ЧЕРНОМОРСКИХ МИДИЙ Mytilus galloprovincialis ПРИКРЕПЛЯТЬСЯ К СУБСТРАТУ И НА ИХ ФИЛЬТРАЦИОННУЮ АКТИВНОСТЬ; http://scipeople.com/publication/99403/; Остроумов С.А. (Ostroumov S.A.) (МГУ, биологический факультет) EFFECTS OF MULTI-ELEMENT POLLUTION OF SEA WATER BY METALS (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb IONS AND Au NANOPARTICLES) ON THE ABILITY OF THE BLACK SEA MUSSELS Mytilus galloprovincialis TO ATTACH TO THE SUBSTRATE, AND ON THEIR WATER FILTERING ACTIVITY ключевые слова: полиэлементное загрязнение, морская вода, тяжелые металлы Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, наночастицы Au, черноморские мидии Mytilus galloprovincialis, прикрепление к субстрату, фильтрационная активность, nanoparticles, multi-element pollution, metals Изучалось взаимодействие тяжелых металлов (ТМ) с различными водными организмами [1-3]. Представляло интерес расширить знания о взаимодействии металлов с более широким кругом организмов, а также расширить арсенал апробированных методов биотестирования. Цель опыта – проверить гипотезу о том, что в присутствии нескольких тяжелых металлов может нарушаться прикрепление мидий Mytilus galloprovincialis к субстрату и изменяться их фильтрационная активность. В результате проведенных опытов, описываемых в данном сообщении, нами было показано, что при определенной концентрации четырех ТМ (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) действительно нарушалось прикрепление мидий к субстрату, которым служило дно стеклянных сосудов; при воздействии наночастиц золота или при совместном действии четырех ТМ и наночастиц золота выявлены некоторые изменения фильтрационной активности. Опыты проводили следующим образом. Использовали выборки мидий Mytilus galloprovincialis, собранных в аквакультурном хозяйстве вблизи побережья южного берега Крыма. Продолжение - в прилагаемом файле.
Влияние полиэлементного загрязнения морской воды металлами (ионы Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb и наночастицы Au) на способность черноморских мидий Mytilus galloprovincialis прикрепляться к субстрату и на их фильтрационную активность - Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions, 2010, vol.15, p.78-82.

At present working out biologically active wound coverings, where it is possible to include the sorbents created on the basis of zeolites, is very perspective direction in developing new types of bandaging material at burns. The peculiarity of zeolites at burns, with its ability to absorb toxic substances, is their participation in regulation of electrolitic homeostasis, and also their antioxidant properties. In this paper the results of research of patients’ histological skin structure with II and IIIа degree burns after application of zeolites from the Far Eastern deposits are described.
Pacific Science Review, 2009. – Vol.11, №2. – P. 172-174.

Ostroumov S.A., Kolesov G.M. The aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum immobilizes Au nanoparticles after their addition to water. Dokl Biol Sci. 2010 (Mar-Apr); 431: 124-127. Affiliation: Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, and Institute of Geochemistry, Moscow, Russia. It was discovered that the aquatic plant (macrophyte) Ceratophyllum demersum immobilized gold (Au) nanoparticles after their addition to water. It is the first time it was shown. The method that was used to detect and measure the conctntrations of gold in the biomass of plants (phytomass) was NAA (neutron activation analysis). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20506851; PMID: 20506851 [PubMed] Key words: nanotechnology, nanoparticles, Au, gold, biogeochemistry, biotechnology, aquatic plants, macrophyte, Ceratophyllum demersum, Immobilization, water quality, monitoring, environmental science, ecology