The preventive activity, which aims to improve the health of the entire population, takes an important place in the medical profession. Counseling, physical examinations, prophylactic medical examinations and health service are considered as the main types of the preventive activities. Objective; to study the situation about smoking in Russia and Latvia, to develop methods of prevention in the different target audiences. Material and Methods. The authors used the original questionnaire containing eight questions that allowed them to clarify the attitude of the respondents concerning the problem of smoking. Results. Sociological research (50 respondents from different cities of Russia and Latvia, 52% of men 48% of women, different age groups from 16 to 58 years) showed the urgent need for ongoing preventive work among the nicotine active population. Conclusion. The analysis of data led to the conclusion on the addition of female smokers, lowering of the "first cigarette" age and the increase smoker index. The study has been carried out to develop a model of conversation about the dangers of smoking, taking into account the target audience.
Strode А.А., Prokofyeva L.P. The model of prophylactic conversation on health effects of smoking // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 10, Issue 4, 2014, pp. 681-683

The search for new substances for the treatment and prophylaxis of HIV-AIDS remains relevant despite advances in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), both because of the appearance of resistance to existing agents and because of their side effects and toxicity. Preventing the spread of HIV infection via sexual contacts by treating the uninfected partner has some advantage, as prophylactic effects can be obtained using simpler treatment (for example, using one agent rather than combinations of three drugs), as the need is to block the transfer of small numbers of infective virions. On the other hand, agents acting on the uninfected partner must be relatively nontoxic as they have to be used for long periods of time in healthy people. Effective chemoprophylaxis can be obtained using agents blocking the life cycle of the virus before integration into the human genome. Two widely used classes of agent therefore have potential – non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors and integrase (IN) strand transfer inhibitors. In addition, proteins such as CD4, gp120, CCR5, CXCR4, and gp41 can be regarded as potential targets, as their functional roles at different stages in the interaction between virion and host cell have been established. As it is now known that all antiretroviral agents approved for medical use induce resistant viral strains, new anti-HIV agents must have chemical structures which are significantly different from known drugs and (if possible) must act on multiple pharmacological targets. Candidates can be sought by virtual screening of libraries of commercially available samples of chemical compounds; such libraries currently contain several million structural formulas for compounds which have been synthesized and are available for biological testing. Virtual screening can be performed using the computer programs PASS and PharmaExpert, allowing identification of substances with potential for experimental studies on the basis of a number of prognostic criteria (presence of the required types of activity, absence of side and toxic effects, appropriate physicochemical properties).We present here data on the current state of the search for new agents for the treatment and prophylaxis of HIV/AIDS, our approach to virtual screening for new potential substances for the prophylaxis of HIV/AIDS, and the results of using this approach in databases of chemical compounds available for screening. The potential for detection of anti-HIV compounds acting on multiple pharmacological targets among substances which have already been synthesized is discussed. We conclude that there is potential for the rational design of such drugs using computer-aided drug design methods.
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 2013, 47 (7), 343-360.

The article aims to study the results of the complex prevention of the acute postoperative pancreatitis in the surgical gastroenterology. Material and methods. 2968 patients with various disorders of the digestive system were operated. Empirical preventing of the acute postoperative pancreatitis was used in the control group. Complex prevention of the acute postoperative pancreatitis in the main group of patients included the use of Dalargin, intravenous infusion of Octreotide, duodenal trypsin enzyme inhibition; intraduodenal reversal of pancreatic secret; intraductal injection of Lidocaine and external transnasal drainage of the pancreatic and biliary ducts. Results. The frequency of acute postoperative pancreatitis was 12.2% in the main group. The frequency of acute postoperative pancreatitis was 36.9% in the control group. Increased frequency of a mild form of the acute postoperative pancreatitis observed in the main group compared with the control. At the same time reducing the frequency of the moderate severity and severity forms of the acute postoperative pancreatitis observed in the main group compared with the control. Reduction of the morbidity (13.6% vs. 25.1%), hospital mortality (1.6% vs. 3.5%), the duration of the postoperative hospital bed-day (12.1±0.4 vs. 16.7±0.6) were identified in the main group patients compared with the control group. Conclusion. The use of the given scheme for the complex prevention of the acute postoperative pancreatitis allowed significantly reduce the frequency and severity of illness, morbidity, reduce the duration of postoperative hospital bed-day and hospital mortality, as well as the frequency of both mild and severity, and fatal postoperative complications in all investigated groups of patients.
Kotenko К.V., Voskanyan S.Е., Korsakov I.N., Naydenov Е.V., Timashkov D.A., Gavrilyuchenko R.B., Zhangazinov A.L., Sayapin D.A., Voronina I.V. Clinical results of the complex prevention of the acute postoperative pancreatitis at the surgical gastroenterology // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 9, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 962-968

The aim of the study is to estimate prophylactic and clinical efficacy of cycloferon concerning acute respiratory viral infection among military men in the period of formation of military units. Material and methods. 1300 military men were under observation in the period of formation of military units. There was calculated efficiency coefficient. Index of efficiency, and severity of disease, frequency of development and character of complications were established. Results. It is established that application of both prophylactic and clinical course of tablet of cycloferon in the period of seasonal increase of morbidity of acute respiratory viral infection in the period of formation of military units enables to increase significantly efficiency of prophylactic and clinical activities, to decrease morbidity, frequency of severe and complicated forms of disease. Conclusion. According to these results, the perspectives of cycloferon use in prophylaxis and treatment of acute respiratory viral infection in the closed units were worked out.
Yershov F.I., Shuldyakov A.A., Romantzov M.G., Ramazanova K.Kh., Shuldyakova O.G. Improvement of prophylax and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2013, pp. 492-495

The article presents the literature review of modern methods of diagnosis of oral diseases in the application of nonremovable orthodontic apparatus.
Gritsenko Е.А., Suetenkov D.Ye., Firsova I.V. Methods of registration of dental pathology risk by using fixed orthodontic apparatus // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2013, pp. 375-379

Most frequently pulpitis develops as a complication of caries. In pediatric practice both acute and chronic forms of pulpitis are observed. However, primary chronic process is more often among milk teeth. The devital amputation is the most popular method of pulpitis treatment in pediatrics. Its professional and accurate implementation is the first step to avoid any possible future complications
Kazakova L.N., Egorova A.V., Lebedeva C.N., Kharitonova T.L., Makhonova E.M. Prevention of complications after pulpi-tis treatment in pediatrics at the stage of root system formation and its resorption // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2011, pp. 249-252

The analysis of medical assistance provision to military men at pre-hospitalization period based on the data of Error Register Journals, anonymous questioning of medical staff and students, expert questionnaire of 12 lecturers of the Department of Medical Service Organization of Saratov Military Medical Institute have made it possible to detect the structure of defects, taking into account each nosologic form and dependence on patients' contingent as well as to structuralize multi-criteria approach to successfulness in activity of the Chief of medical service of Military medical unit in error prevention and to design an adequate optimization technique
Korshever N.G., Baiturov O.R. The study and prophylaxis of errors in providing medical service to military men at pre-hospitalization period // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2010, pp. 522-527

The article presents data about high frequency of polyhypovitaminosis (72,6%), reduced level of microelements in blood (in 19,4-45,2% of cases), insufficient consumption of iodine and calcium (in 95,2% of cases) in pregnant women of Saratov Region. It was determined, that micronutrients deficiency in mothers in 1,55-5,48 times exceeds relative risk of pathologic pregnancy course, delivery, disorders of adaptation and morbidity of newborns. It was revealed, that prophylactic intake of vitaminous mineral medications results in absolute risk reduction of pregnancy and delivery, disorders of fetus state and newborns health in 13-54%
Zhivoglazova L.N., Kurmacheva N.A., Rogozhina I.E. Efficacy of prophylaxis of micronutrients deficiency in pregnant women and newborns // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2010, pp. 300-306

The research goal is the comparative analysis of morbidity of sexually transmitted diseases in the Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus in dynamics in the period from 1997 till 2007. Research data have been taken from statistic documents based on observations of STD registered in the countries under study. Statistical data manipulation has been done on PC (Pentium IV) in the programme Microsoft Excel. According to the research results the morbidity indices of most STD have been decreased. The higher morbidity indices of trichomoniasis have been noticed in Russia -186,2 and in Republic of Belarus-220,4 for the population of 100 000 people. The results of research have shown that it is necessary to work out normative documents, to identify the contingent of patients and repetition factor of medical examinations to prevent the spread of STD
V.V. Lyutsko, G.Yu. Yutkina, N.V. Vartapetova, M.A. Ivanova, I.V. Furmanova Morbidity Of Sexually Transmitted Diseases In The Russian Federation And Republic Of Belarus (From 1997 Till 2007) // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 5, Issue 4, 2009, pp. 521-523

The results of prophylaxis of acute impairment of a cerebral circulation with the help of carotid endarterectomy (CEAE) are considered. There are examined 324 patients with cerebrovascular pathology 132 of them have transferred CEAEand 156 received only conservative therapy. The results of Wyears observation of operated and non operated patients show, that in patients, who were operated, in mostcases the marked signs of impairment of cerebral circulation in ipsilateral hemisphere were not developed. The results of observation over group of patients who were not operated coincide with the average data according to which the patients who have suffered an ischemic insult, have the riskof development of the subsequent insult at a level of 5-9% in a year, and approximately 25-45% of them have a repeated insult during 5 years period after the first insult. The best clinical effect had CEAE, performed in patients with transitional ischemic attacks. CEAE is the main preventive measure in treatment of patients with an atherosclerotic stenosis of carotids. The analysis of the results of the research testifies to the stable and long-term effect of operation.
K.V. Djachenko, I.E. Poverennova SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS OF ISCHEMIC INSULTS IN PATIENTS WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC IMPAIRMENT OF CAROTIDS // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2008, pp. 93-97