The review considers the complex of non-radiation factors that could affect the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident: the demographic, social and professional group heterogeneity to warrant differentiation of risk, the effects of heavy metals, 'hot particles', chemicals, psychogenic stress, social dislocation in the post-perestroika period, alcohol abuse, smoking, and the effect of screening. All these factors tend to have a significant intensity, unlike the radiation exposure for the majority of subjects. It is concluded that the increased frequency and severity of some large socially significant pathologies in contingent liquidators may be due to a unique set of predominantly non-radiation factors associated, however, with a particular radiation accident.
Koterov A.N., Ushenkova L.N., Biryukov А.Р. Specific complex of non-radiation risk factors for socially significant pathologies could affect the liquidators of Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 10, Issue 4, 2014, pp. 782-796

There had been studied an antianginal effect and hemodynamic effects of THz electromagnetic waves of molecular NO spectrum (150.176 ... 150.664 GHz) in 19 smokers and 18 non-smokers patients with angina. It had been fixed that antianginal, pulse slowing and antihypertensive effects of THz waves in both groups did not differ.
Svetlana S. Parshina THz therapy and smoking: facts and hypotheses // Russian Open Medical Journal, Vol. 2, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 410-0

The decrease in clinical efficacy of oxygen therapy takes place in patients suffering from chronic pulmonary obstructive disease who continue smoking even if the intensity of smoking is getting lower. It is explained by the damage of oxygen utilization regardless of normalization of arterial blood saturation indices and perfusion oxygen saturation indices in blood flow.
Nikolay I. Starodumov, E.G. Zarubina and I.O. Prokhorenko Comparative efficiency of oxygen therapy in patients (smokers and non-smokers) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease // Russian Open Medical Journal, Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 207-0

Chemicals in cigarette smoke have been implicated in causing subclinical changes in myelin sheaths of peripheral nerves. This may contribute to nerve dysfunction particularly in the form of decreases in nerve conduction velocity. The degree of this effect has not been clearly established Aim & Objective: To measure nerve conduction velocity in the median nerve in smokers and nonsmokers. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional case-control study involving 80 normal healthy subjects (age range, 25-40 years). There were 40 apparently healthy smokers and 40 healthy non-smokers. Conduction velocities were measured in motor and sensory components of the median nerve under similar conditions. Data was analyzed by using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Statistically significant changes (P < 0.05) were found in the sensory nerve conduction velocity (Mean+ SD value in smokers was 55.11+ 2.32 m/s while in nonsmokers it was 57.09+ 4.21 m/s) whereas no such changes were found in Motor nerve conduction velocity (Mean+ SD value in smokers was 54.19 +6.35 m/s while in nonsmokers it was 54.97+ 7.33 m/s) in this study. Conclusion: We conclude that chronic smoking results in reduction of conduction velocities in sensory fibers of the median nerve.

The decrease in clinical efficacy of oxygen therapy takes place in patients suffering from chronic pulmonary obstructive disease who continue smoking even if the intensity of smoking is getting lower. It is explained by the damage of oxygen utilization regardless of normalization of arterial blood saturation indices and perfusion oxygen saturation indices in blood flow
Starodumov N.I., Zarubina E.G., Prokhorenko I.O. Comparative efficacy of oxygen therapy in patients (smokers and non-smokers) with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2011, pp. 420-422

We investigated the heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and assessed their relationship with disease characteristics. Twenty-three female patients with RA [age 48+/-7 (mean+/-SD) years] free of cardiovascular diseases and 23 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were evaluated. After careful clinical examination, the following parameters were obtained after 24-h Holter recordings: average of all normal-to normal (NN) intervals over the entire 24-h ECG recording (meanNN, ms); the standard deviation for the time between NN complexes (SDNN, ms); the standard deviation of the average NN intervals for each 5-min period (SDANN, ms) and the square root of the mean-squared differences of successive NN intervals (rMSSD, ms). We also assessed quantitative parameters of the Poincaré plot: the standard deviation of the points perpendicular to the line-of-identity (SD1, ms); the standard deviation along the line-of-identity (SD2, ms) and their ratio (SD12). HRV parameters excluding SD2 were significantly lower in patients with RA, than in control group (p<0.05). Significant correlations of SDNN and SDANN with swollen joints count, Ritchie articular index, disease activity score (DAS) and disease duration were found. SDNN also correlated with leucocyte count and smoking. SD1 significantly correlated only with disease duration. Relationships between SDNN and smoking, swollen joints count and DAS were confirmed using multivariate analysis. Our data indicate that in patients with RA reduced HRV is independently associated with high disease activity and smoking. HRV assessment may be useful as a part of cardiovascular risk stratification in RA patients.
Int J Clin Pract. 2007 May;61(5):777-83. Epub 2007 Mar 16.

With the purpose to increase the efficacy of measures to the primary prophylaxis of duodenal ulcer disease among soldiers and officers, 120 students of higher military educational institutions were examined by means of the psychophysiological tests: brief multifactorial questionnaire for personality research, Ch. Spielberger-Yu. Khanin test, psychogeometrical test, Toronto alexitimitical scale, E. Heim method of coping-behaviour construction. It is revealed, that the increase of tobacco smoking intensity initiates the number of representatives of the III (contradictory) psychophysiological type grow, and it intensifies the probability of duodenal ulcer disease morbidity rise.
А.Н. Федоров Use of Psychophysiological individually-typological approach to the students of higher military educational institutions, depending on the presence and degree of expression of tobacco smoking as the risk factor of duodenal ulcer // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2009, pp. 325-327

On the basis of the conducted research, prevalence of tobacco smoking and its intensity according to the gender and age descriptions among the urban population in the Middle Volga region (Samara as an example city) is described in the article. It is proved, that among men and women under study 49,37% and 14,17% smoke accordingly, 22,80% and 8,86% smoked before, 27,83% and 76,97% never smoke. The education level and family status have considerably contributed to the epidemiology of tobacco smoking addiction. Authors consider, that the development of public and medical measures directed to the fight against smoking must be realized taking into account the gender, age, social and mental points, that is difficult, but necessary process.
S.A. Babanov, I.A. Agarkova Gender And Age Peculiarities Of Tobacco Addiction Among The Urban Population Of The Middle Volga Region // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 197-200