The formation of conjugates from two antibacterial fluoroquinolone drugs, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, was observed in cultures of Trichoderma viride that had been grown in sucrose-peptone broth and extracted 16 d after dosing with the drugs. Both conjugates were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and found to be optically active. They were identified by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra as 4-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-vinylcyclopent- 1-enyl ciprofloxacin and 4-hydroxy-3- oxo-4-vinylcyclopent-1-enyl norfloxacin. The transformation of veterinary fluoroquinolones in the presence of fungi may have ecological significance.
Mycologia, 2002, v.94, N 1. P.1-5.

To investigate the microbial biotransformation of veterinary fluoroquinolones, Mucor ramannianus was grown in sucrose/peptone broth with sarafloxacin for 18 days. Cultures were extracted with ethyl acetate and extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography. The two metabolites (26% and 15% of the A 280, respectively) were identified by mass and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra as N-acetylsarafloxacin and desethylene-N-acetylsarafloxacin. The biological formation of desethylene-N-acetylsarafloxacin has not been previously observed.
J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2001. V. 26. P.140-144.

The quinolones are an important group of synthetic antimicrobial drugs used for treating bacterial diseases of humans and animals. Microorganisms transform antimicrobial quinolones (including fluoroquinolones) and the pharmacologically related naphthyridones, pyranoacridones, and cinnolones to a variety of metabolites. The biotransformation processes involve hydroxylation of methyl groups; hydroxylation of aliphatic and aromatic rings; oxidation of alcohols and amines; reduction of carboxyl groups; removal of methyl, carboxyl, fluoro, and cyano groups; addition of formyl, acetyl, nitrosyl, and cyclopentenone groups; and cleavage of aliphatic and aromatic rings. Most of these reactions greatly reduce or eliminate the antimicrobial activity of the quinolones.
J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2012, V. 39, N 12, pp 1731-1740

The Russian Federation is a high-tuberculosis (TB)-burden country with high rates of drug resistance, including multidrug and extensive drug resistance to TB (M/XDRTB). Rapid diagnosis of resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs) using molecular assays is essential for the implementation of appropriate drug regimens and prevention of the transmission of XDR strains. A total of 51 individual MDRTB strains were tested by pyrosequencing of the quinolone resistance determining region of the gyrA gene and the GenoType MTBDRsl assay (Hain Lifescience, GmbH, Nehren, Germany), and the results were evaluated against those obtained by phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST). Mutations were detected in 25 (78.1%) FQ-resistant strains, with the majority of mutations (n = 19 [73.0%]) found in codon 94 of the gyrA gene; the novel mutation 1457 C→Τ was found in the gyrB gene. Three mixed allelic variants were detected, which is a well-known phenomenon in areas with high TB and drug-resistant TB rates. The sensitivity and specificity of pyrosequencing (86.2 and 100%, respectively) and MTBDRsl (86.2 and 100%, respectively) were high; however, the results for 5.9% of the analyzed strains were unreadable when MTBDRsl was used. The MTBDRsl and pyrosequencing assays offer a rapid and accurate means for diagnosing resistance to FQs in high-TB-burden areas.
Kontsevaya I, Mironova S, Nikolayevskyy V, Balabanova Y, Mitchell S, Drobniewski F. Evaluation of two molecular assays for rapid detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to fluoroquinolones in high-tuberculosis and -multidrug-resistance Settings. J Clin Microbiol. 2011 Aug;49(8):2832-7. Epub 2011 Jun 1.

Investigated biochemical changes in an oral liquid of patients with the extented chronic periodontitis chronic in aggravation stage, specific features of change of activity of enzymes of a mouth at presence fluoroquinolones , in the presence of the expressed inflammatory process in periodontium are revealed. The studied biochemical mechanisms of action of preparations can serve as criterion of a choice of the optimal preparation that will allow to improve essentially results of treatment of the given category of patients
Guseva O.U., Bulkina N.V., Osipova J.L., Kropotina A.Yu., Albitskaya J.N. Substantiation of the differentiated approach to the therapy by antibiotics at an aggravation of the extented chronic periodontitis // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2011, pp. 287-288

New fluoroquinolones like levofloxacine, with broad-spectrum of effect which is also active against anaerobic bacteria, is a prospective drug for the prevention of the inflammatory complications in implant dentistry and maxillary sinus augmentation. 34 patients have been selected for this study, including 16 women and 18 men aged 18-65. All the patients have been classified into the main and control groups. Patiens of the first group have been prescribed 500 mg of levofloxacine before and after the operation two times a day for 10 days. Patients of the control group have been treated with amocxicilline. In the control group, which has used amoxicilline, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius and anaerobic bacteria have been identified. The amount of Prevotella intermedia is insignificant. The same picture has been found with Fusobacterium spp. The rate of Actinomyces spp. was insignificant over the whole period of study. Patients of the experimental group had a slightly different distribution of bacteria. On the 10th day after the operation in the main patient group no periodontal pathogenesis, which may cause inflammatory complications have been identified. During the early post-operative period no significant differences have been observed among the patients of both groups.
A.M. Panin, V.N. Tsarev, V.I. Chuvilkin, S.A. Novikov CLINICAL USE OF MODERN FLUOROQUINOLONES IN DENTAL IMPLANTATION AND MAXILLARY SINUS LIFTING // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2009, pp. 92-95

The dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with community-acquired pneumonia were studied during the treatment with respiratory fluorohinolonum laevofloxacin «Floracid®». The high efficiency and safety of «Floracid®» were revealed during the research.
A.P. Rebrov, E.Yu. Ponomarеva, I.A. Amirova EXPERIENCE OF RESPIRATORY FLUOROHINOLONUM LAEVOFLOXACINE APPLICATION («FLORACID®») IN PATIENTS WITH NON-SEVERE COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2007, pp. 65-67