Objective: to identify the microscopic features of the structure of the thyroid gland in different forms of its pathology. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the thyroid glands of 199 patients of both sexes aged 21 to 74 years. Results. At the micro-macrofollicular nontoxic goiter was found flattened thyroid epithelium with flattened normochromic nucleus, the small size of cells and nuclei, low nuclear-cytoplasmic index, intrafollicular moderate epithelial proliferation, homogeneous colloid and moderate diffuse lymphoid infiltration. At the micro-macrofollicular toxic goiter detected cubic epithelium with rounded normochromic kernel, smallest size of cells and nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic minimum index intrafollicular focal proliferation of the epithelium, colloid mesh boundary with severe vacuolization, focal lymphoid infiltration and hemorrhage. When diffuse toxic goiter detected cubic form cells of medium size with a fairly high nuclear-cytoplasmic index, rounded normochromic kernel, rare intrafollicular epithelial proliferation, homogeneous colloid with an edge vacuolization. With the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis was observed flattened epithelium with rounded normochromic nucleus, the small size of cells and nuclei, found the average nuclear-cytoplasmic index, homogeneous colloid and extensive lymphoid infiltration with light propagation centers. Adenoma of the thyroid gland epithelium was found with a cubic cell shape, round hyperchromatic nucleus, the large size of cells and nuclei, high nuclear-cytoplasmic index intrafollicular diffuse proliferation of epithelial and dense colloid. When thyroid cancer found the prevalence of papillary structures with short broad papillae formed polymorphic cells with round hyperchromatic nucleus, there is the largest size of cells and nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic maximum index expressed intrafollicular diffuse proliferation of the epithelium. Conclusions. Each form of thyroid disease, along with well-known typical microscopic manifestations is a characteristic regional feature of the microstructure.
Khayrullin R.M., Kalmin O.V., Kalmin O.O. The structure of thyroid gland in its pathology // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2015, pp. 113-117

High ionic conductivity of doped ceria at comparatively lower operating temperatures (not, vert, similar650 °C) makes it suitable solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrolyte. In the present investigation, successful attempt has been made to synthesize Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC10) solid solution by cost effective and simple chemical method of combustion where in the combustion of precursors results in the formation of nanoparticles relatively at lower processing temperature. The thermogravimetric study was carried out to understand the ignition temperature and optimize the fuel-to-oxidant ratio. The successful synthesis of single phase nanocrystalline GDC10 was confirmed by XRD, TEM and particle size analysis. Further SEM and surface measurements were carried out to confirm higher sample densities.

In recent years, doped ceria is an established and promising candidate as solid electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). In this investigation, synthesis and characterizations of nano-crystalline Gd doped ceria, (Ce1−xGdxO2−x/2, where x = 0–0.3), prepared using glycine–nitrate process (GNP) has been presented. Evolution of structural and morphological properties of nano-powders as a function of heat treatment has also been studied. The prepared samples were characterized using TG–DTA, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, etc. In addition, the effect of Gd content over the micro-structural properties of nano-crystalline Gd doped ceria was investigated. Raman analysis of calcined powders confirms the formation of the solid solution of Ce1−xGdxO2−x/2 instead of mixture of CeO2 and Gd2O3. The solid solutions obeyed Vegard's rule very well. Grain growth of sintered samples was observed to hinder with an increase in Gd content.

The effects of resonance and no-resonance of the low-intensify EMW frequency regimes were examined in Vistar rats,males. The microscopic structures and histochemical changes in thyroid, thymus,adrenals,ovaries,and other organs were studied. Our researchers evidenced, that the resonance EMW frequency regime slightly stimulates cell mitotic activity and exchange of substances in organ’s parenchyma and micro-circulation in connective tissue stroma. Treatment the course of no-resonance frequency EMW regime deteriorates the ratio between parenchyma and mesenchyme components correlation is detected in organ.
E.B. Rodzaevskaya, J.V. Polina, I.A. Uvarova, V.D. Tupikin, L.I. Naumova, N.V. Bogomolova, M.O. Kurtukova, O.V. ZIobina HISTOFUNCTION TRANSFORMATION IN ENDOCRINE AND IMMUNE ORGANS UNDER VARIOUS REGIMEN INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2009, pp. 36-40