The paper presents literature data on the polymorphism of mental disorders in perimenopausal period in women and the theories of the climacteric syndrome. According to current hypothesis, melatonin has antigonadotropnym properties. The sharp decline in melatonin levels in the body during puberty promotes activation of pituitary gonadotrophic function, the development of the follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, which have a stimulating effect on the sex glands. Involvement of melatonin in the pathogenesis of climacteric syndrome has been insuffciently studied, and studies devoted to the use of melatonin as a therapeutic agent are contradictory. Further study of the role of melatonin in the occurrence of the climacteric syndrome will understand the possibilities of pharmacotherapy considered disorders.