Photocatalysis process, as an environmental application, is a relatively novel subject with tremendous potential in the near future. A number of studies determine the economic viability of applying various ultraviolet advanced oxidation processes for the purpose of degradation and destroying of various pollutant solutions. The present paper reviews the treatment of hazardous wastewater bearing organic compounds and the effects of various parameters such as pH, initial concentration, mass of catalyst, wavelength, light intensity, electron acceptor, temperature, etc., with the treatment cost for different reactor type. This study investigates the effect of various types of waste-water treatment parameters and the treatment cost for various designs of photocatalytic reactors, using both solar and artificial light, have been proposed for their different types of pollutants. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.

Janmejay Pandey, Archana Chauhan, Rakesh K. Jain. Integrative approaches for assessing the ecological sustainability of in situ bioremediation. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. Volume 33 Issue 2, Pages 324 – 375. KEYWORDS in situ bioremediation • eco-sustainability • biotic–abiotic interactions • bioavailability • assessment of bioremediation efficiency ABSTRACT: Application of microbial metabolic potential (bioremediation) is accepted as an environmentally benign and economical measure for decontamination of polluted environments. Bioremediation methods are generally categorized into ex situ and in situ bioremediation. Although in situ bioremediation methods have been in use for two to three decades, they have not yet yielded the expected results. Their limited success has been attributed to reduced ecological sustainability under environmental conditions. An important determinant of sustainability of in situ bioremediation is pollutant bioavailability. Microbial chemotaxis is postulated to improve pollutant bioavailability significantly; consequently, application of chemotactic microorganisms can considerably enhance the performance of in situ degradation. The environmental fate of degradative microorganisms and the ecological consequence of intervention constitute other important descriptors for the efficiency and sustainability of bioremediation processes. Integrative use of culture-dependent, culture-independent methods (e.g. amplified rDNA restriction analysis, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, denaturing/thermal gradient gel electrophoresis, phospholipid fatty acid, etc.), computational and statistical analyses has enabled successful monitoring of the above aspects. The present review provides a detailed insight into some of the key factors that affect the efficiency of in situ bioremediation along with a comprehensive account of the integrative approaches used for assessing the ecological sustainability of processes. The review also discusses the possibility of developing suicidal genetically engineered microorganisms for optimized and controlled in situ bioremediation.Janmejay Pandey 1 , Archana Chauhan 1 & Rakesh K. Jain 1 1 Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India Correspondence: Rakesh K. Jain, Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India. Tel.: +91 172 2690694; fax: +91 172 2690632; e-mail: rkj@imtech.res.in Editor: Martin Kupiec Copyright © 2009 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved Published on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies Federation of European Microbiological Societies
Janmejay Pandey, Archana Chauhan, Rakesh K. Jain. Integrative approaches for assessing the ecological sustainability of in situ bioremediation. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. Volume 33 Issue 2, Pages 324 – 375

The effect of selected edible preservatives, citric acid, sucrose and calcium chloride on the stability of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) at 0  5 8C and 35  5 8C was studied in aqueous solution. While screening the edible preservatives for a protein like C-phycocyanin, the denaturation of C-PC with urea as a denaturant and thermal unfolding studies through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was carried out to select a stabilizing agent having Hofmeister series behaviour acting on hydrophobic interactions. While studying the efficacy of edible preservatives, citric acid (4 mg/ml) was observed to be one of the best preservative for phycocyanin at 35  5 8C in aqueous solution for 45 days with negligible loss which is comparable to the stability of C-PC at 0  5 8C. Calcium chloride and sucrose were also found to be effective in maintaining the stability of C-PC in aqueous phase, but at lower temperature. Citric acid was able to maintain the stability even at higher temperature lasting for more than 1 month in aqueous solution.