While dismissing the nineteenth century theory of matrilineal priority as an evolutionary scenario, George Murdock (1937) finds that the theory would seem to have validity, provided that one assumes (and he does not) evolutionary stages in prehistory. However, his rejection of the theory appears to arise from a study of social formations across the ethnographic landscape, from hunter-gatherers to agriculturalists and pastoralists; whereas, the issue of matrilineal priority should be addressed entirely in the context \r\nof variations among the social formations of hunter-gatherers, since only hunter-gatherers existed during the period for which the question has relevance.\r\nMatriliny is not an abstract system of descent; it exists as a real social form only when it functions as a system of in-heritance. And there are at most two social resources among hunter-gatherers which are available for intergenerational distribution; birthrights to territorial resources and birthrights to human fertility. The consequences of these resources for social organization have not been recognized in cultural anthropology. However, \r\nI shall show that these two dynamically interpenetrating resources are fundamental to socio-economic processes among hunter-gatherers and are definitive in the choice of matriliny versus patriliny versus alineality. \r\nAlternative social formations among hunter-gatherers derive from four conditions: (a) If territory and fertility are both positively valued at the margin, then the society must be matrilineal (in the absence of cattle). (b) If territory and fertility are positively valued at the margin and cattle are available, then the system must be patrilineal. (c) In the exceptional case of demographic expansion into new territories, the marginal value of new territory would be nearly zero and the marginal valuation of fertility would be high, so that the system would be matrilineal. And finally (d) if the marginal social valuation of territory were positive or zero and the marginal so-\r\ncial valuation of fertility is zero, due to social or ecological circumscription, then the society would be either matrilineal, patrilineal or alineal, as a function of its particular history and context.\r\nAs the earliest modern humans struggled to emerge and survive as a new species in the challenging, competitive, environments of the Late Pleistocene, they would have required dynamically expanding social formations, featuring positive valuations of fertility and territory. This category of societies was central to the peopling of the world; and they would have been matrilineal. Other social formations would also emerge, but they would tend to suffer demographic decline or stagnation and become lost to social history in the wake of the more dynamic. It is in this sense that matriliny had priority.\r\n\r\nhttps://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/1213777/

Мораль по своему генезису и правовой сути – это свобода человека от бога и государства; это человек – вне бога и государства, меж богом и государством. This paper presents the drafts for a conceptual essay of the famous Russian jurist, specialist in philosophy and theory of law and history of political and legal doctrines.

В статье рассмотрены цели и перспективы изучения истории досуга на современном этапе развития отечественной исторической науки. Анализируется история появления и особенности развития практик исследования досуга представителями различных областей знания в России и на Западе. Проводится оценка актуальности обращения к этой теме в рамках междисциплинарных подходов и возможности привлечения теоретико-методологического аппарата смежных гуманитарных наук. The article considers targets and perspectives of researching the History of leisure in the Russian historical science. In particular, it studies the appeared and developed research practices of leisure by various branches of science in Russia and in the West. Interdisciplinary approaches to the subject are evaluated, as well as the opportunities to involve the methods of related humanitarian branches.

The field of cultural evolution has grown considerably since the turn of the 21st century. Researchers who apply evolutionary principles to the study of human culture and social learning in other animals are spread out among a great diversity of fields. They can be found in human sciences like archeology, anthropology, geography, economics, politics, sociology, and history. Or the ecological and biological sciences like ethology, environmental science, evolutionary studies, population genetics, and sociobiology. Many are also found in psychology, public health, business management, marketing, and technology studies.

This article analyzes the global causes of the contemporary crisis and the possibilities to eliminate the most acute problems that have generated this crisis. It analyzes both the negative role of the world financial flows and their important positive functions including the ‘insurance’ of social guaranties at the global scale. In connection with the outcome of the crisis it analyzes the conditions of possible transformations of the world system and the possibility of various global scripts of its near future. It gives a characteristic of the coming ‘epoch of new coalitions’; it gives some futuristic prognosis.
This Globalizing World / Volgograd: ‘Uchitel’ Publishing House, 2015. – 224 pp.

Использование понятия «эпистема» в «Словах и вещах» М. Фуко указывает на присутствие некоторой неклассической философии истории, пусть даже в состоянии проекта. Другая загадка, заданная Фуко, это авторство нескольких проектов: археологии, генеалогии, герменевтики субъективности. Известно, что понятие «эпистемы» характеризует только «археологический» период Фуко. Однако, в определённом, небиографическом смысле, отношение эпистемы и истории оказывается ведущим для понимания всего корпуса работ философа. Эпистема описывает тот факт, что в истории современного знания мы не можем с лёгкостью позволить себе указание на преемственность по отношению к любой точке на прямой некоторой «рациональности», «европейской субъективности» и т.д. С другой стороны, мы можем вполне выйти за рамки того предубеждения, которое противопоставляет гуманитарные науки естественным, на основании, якобы, большей точности последних
ISBN: 978-5-88812-796-4

 History of Medicine: From the Past to the Future  History of Medicine: From the Past to the Future /Гаврилова О.М.,Васильева М.ГНаучный руководитель : Храмова Юлия Анатольевна/   ГБОУ ВПО Саратовский ГМУ им. В.И. Разумовского Минздрава России   Кафедра иностранных языков    Historically we can distinguish three important stages in the development of medicine. During the first stage which lasted for tens of thousand years , superstitions, witchcraft and rumours prevailed in medicine. In that period some useful herbs and chemical substances, such as aspirin, were discovered, but there was no any scientific method of searching new medicines and ways of treatment. The second stage of medicine development started in the 19th century when microbe theory of diseases  appeared and the idea of hygiene  was formed.The third stage of the medicine development is molecular medicine. It penetrates inside a substance to atoms, molecules and genes. The things that seemed impossible some years ago get a realization in life today. In scientists’ opinion mankind is speeding up in the sphere of scientific, fundamental, technical and medical discoveries. Nanomedicine development is closely connected with revolutionary achievements in genomic and proteomic areas which allowed scientists to approach to understanding of molecular principles of diseases. Nanomedicine is developing when genomic and proteomic data combine with the possibilities of creating materials with new qualities on the nanometric level.Nanomedicine as an interdisciplinary branch of medical science is at the stage of formation at present time. Its methods are only coming out of laboratories and most of them still exist only as projects. However most experts think that these methods will become fundamental in the 21st century.  The National Cancer Institute in the USA in the nearest time is going to apply nanomedicine achievements in treating cancer. Some of scientific centers abroad have already demonstrated experimental models in the spheres of diagnostics, treatment, prosthetic appliances and implantation. The scientists from Michigan affirm that with the help of nanotechnology it will be possible to insert microscopic sensors that will warn of signs of radiation and the development of illness. The nanotechnologies that are applied at present time are harmless and as an example we can see nanochips and sunproof cosmetics produced on the basis of nanocrystals.  Such technologies as nanorobots and nanosensors are still in process of development.
Гаврилова О.М., Васильева М.Г. History of Medicine: From the Past to the Future // Бюллетень медицинских Интернет-конференций, Vol. 5, Issue 12, 2016, pp. 1606-1606

In any sense it is possible to provide history of the countries and the people model of various merges and absorption as the
continuous process of change and redistribution of political roles on a historical scene, and main "technology" of merges and absorption
of the countries and the people, remains the armed violence.
Yu. Matviyenko PARADOXICAL LOGIC AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO GEOPOLITICS OF THE XXI CENTURY // The Russian Academic Journal, Vol. 21, Issue 3, 2012, pp. 0-0

The aim of the article is to discuss the main stages of formation and development of Department of Health Service, Public Health and Medical Law of Saratov State Medical University. Scientific and practical contribution to the development of the national health over the years has been determined. The data on the current scientific and educational activities of the department have been highlighted.
Erugina M.V., Zavyalov A.l., Abyzova N.V. The 90thanniversary of department of health service, public health and medical law of Saratov state medical university n. a. V.I. Razumovsky // Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research, Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 145-150