The quinolones are an important group of synthetic antimicrobial drugs used for treating bacterial diseases of humans and animals. Microorganisms transform antimicrobial quinolones (including fluoroquinolones) and the pharmacologically related naphthyridones, pyranoacridones, and cinnolones to a variety of metabolites. The biotransformation processes involve hydroxylation of methyl groups; hydroxylation of aliphatic and aromatic rings; oxidation of alcohols and amines; reduction of carboxyl groups; removal of methyl, carboxyl, fluoro, and cyano groups; addition of formyl, acetyl, nitrosyl, and cyclopentenone groups; and cleavage of aliphatic and aromatic rings. Most of these reactions greatly reduce or eliminate the antimicrobial activity of the quinolones.
J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2012, V. 39, N 12, pp 1731-1740

A strain of the saprobic fungus Mucor ramannianus, isolated from a forest, was used to demonstrate the potential for ciprofloxacin biotransformation by zygomycetes in the environment. The fungus carried out the regioselective N-acetylation of ciprofloxacin to a single product, which was purified from culture extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography. The metabolite was identified by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry as 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid.
FEMS Microbiology Letters. 1999. V.177. N 1. P.131–135.

Ostroumow S. A. Wprowadzenie do ekologii biochemicznej. [=Introduction to Biochemical Ecology] Warszawa: Wydaw. Naukowe PWN [= PWN Press], 1992. 205 pages [translated from Russian by Dr. J. Kurylowicz = tł. z jęz. ros. Jerzy Kuryłowicz] ISBN-13: 9788301104542. ISBN-10: 8301104546. Format: 20,5/14,5 cm. Gewicht: 250 g. In Polish language. Key words: Introduction to Biochemical Ecology, conceptual foundations, new scientific disciplines, ecological role of chemical substances, interorganismal interactions, communication, regulation, supraorganismal systems, biotransformation, natural and man-made compounds, basic concepts, ecological chemomediators, ecological chemoregulators, pheromones, secondary metabolites The book is recommended and used at several Polish universities, including: The Technical University of Lodz (Politechnika Łódzka); The Jan Kochanowski University of Humanities and Sciences in Kielce; University of Wrocław; University in Bialymstok (Uniwersytet w Bialymstoku); University in Opole (Wydział Przyrodniczo – Techniczny Uniwersytetu Opolskiego); Akademia im. Jana Długosza, Instytut Chemii i Ochrony Środowiska, Częstochowa; Uniwersytet Kardynala Stefana Wyszynskiego, Warsaw; and other universities]. [https://opac.buw.uw.edu.pl/cgi-bin/gw_46_6/chameleon?] The further development of the new concepts and principles that were formulated in the book was made in the paper:: О концепциях биохимической экологии и гидробиологии: экологические хемомедиаторы // Сибирский экологический журнал - 2006. - 13, №1. - С. 73-82. Резюме на англ. яз. Библиогр. 32 назв. ISSN 0869-8619. The English translation of that reference: On concepts of biochemical ecology and hydrobiology: ecological chemomediators. - Siberian Ecological Journal (Sibirsky Ekologichesky Zhurnal). 2006. - 13, No.1. - P. 73-82. Bibliogr. 32 refs. [ = Siberian Journal of Ecology = Sibirskiy ekologicheskiy zhurnal; ISSN 0869-8619; http://www.sibran.ru/English/SECJE.HTM]. That paper was translated into English: On the concepts of biochemical ecology and hydrobiology: Ecological chemomediators. - Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2008, Volume 1 (2), p. 238-244 [© Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2008; distributed by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.; ISSN 1995-4255 (Print) 1995-4263 (Online)] DOI 10.1134/S1995425508020100. Original Russian Text © S.A. Ostroumov, 2006, published in Sibirskii Ekologicheskii Zhurnal, 2006, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 73–82]. Abstract of that paper: Earlier, the author published two books (including 'Introduction to Biochemical Ecology', 1986) and some papers, in which he described conceptual foundations of new scientific disciplines — biochemical ecology and biochemical hydrobiology. These trends in research include studies of the role of chemical substances in interorganismal interactions, in communication and regulation of supraorganismal systems. Another part of biochemical ecology concerns studies of the fate and transformation of external chemical substances when they interact with the organisms. Both natural and man-made compounds are interesting for biochemical ecology. The basic concepts of biochemical ecology include ecological chemomediators and ecological chemoregulators. They were suggested by S.A.Ostroumov and since then, they have already been included in the body of modern concepts and are used in modern ecological literature. Application of biochemical ecology to aquatic ecosystems creates the basis for development of biochemical hydrobiology. The full text of the paper see at: http://scipeople.com/users/2943391/ ABSTRACT of the original Russian book IN ENGLISH: S.A.Ostroumov. Introduction to Biochemical Ecology. 1986. Moscow. Moscow University Press. 176 p. Figures, tables. Bibliogr.: pp. 168-174. [New interdisciplinary issues were analyzed and conceptualized in an innovative way, including ecological roles of natural and man-made chemicals. Inter alia, some problems of chemical communication and regulation in natural populations and ecosystems, environmental toxicology and chemistry and QSAR. Ecological functions of secondary metabolites of bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates. There are no other books on biochemical ecology in the international literature that analyzes so broad diversity of data on metabolites of various taxa. Several published reviews indicated that the book broke a fresh ground and extended the frontiers of ecology. New concepts suggested: ecological chemomediators and ecological chemoregulators in ecosystems]. Published positive reviews of the book: Priroda (Nature). 1987. No. 1. p.125; Professor Telitchenko M.M. Review of the book 'Introduction to Biochemical Ecology'. –Bulletin of Moscow University. Ser. 16. Biology. 1986. No. 4. P. 58; Prof. Stavskaya S.S. // Physiology and biochemistry of cultivated plants. 1988. v. 20, No. 1. p. 99 - 100. - Review of the book: 'Introduction to Bio-Chemical Ecology'; Prof. Pokarzhevsky А.D., Semenova N.L. // Ecology. 1988, No. 2, p. 89 - 90. - Review; Prof. Sokolov М.S. // Аgrochemistry. 1987, No. 7, p. 135-136. - Review; Prof. Gusev М.V. (Dean, School of Biology, Moscow Univ) // Plant Physiology. V. 35. No. 2, p.412 - 413. - Review of the book: 'Introduction to Bio-Chemical Ecology'; Prof. Dubinin N.P. (Full Member, Academician of the Acad.Sci., ex-Director of Inst. General Genetics) // Izvestia Acad. Sci. Ser. Biol. (Bulletin of Acad. Sci. Biological series). 1988, No. 1. p. 799 - 800. - Review; Prof. B. Stugren. Introduction to Biochemical Ecology by S.A. Ostroumov (a review) // Studia Univ. Babes-Bolyai. Biologia. 1987. N 2. P. 96 – 97 (in English); Dr. E. Symonides // Wiadomosci Ecologiczne, V. 33. No. 2. P. 199-201. - Review (in Polish); Review // J. General Biology. 1989. V. 50. No. 3, p. 429. About the Russian edition of the book see: http://scipeople.ru/publication/67928/. The book was also translated into Bulgarian language. The book is used as educational material and basis for new lecture courses in universities in Russia, Belorussia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia, and other countries. Citation of the book ‘Wprowadzenie do ekologii biochemicznej’. (S.A. Ostroumow - 1992 - PWN, W-wa).: T. SUDOL, T. KRZYSKO-LUPICKA, EWA NOWAKOWSKA. PRÒBA OCENY WZROSTU BAKTERII W OBECNOSCI. - XXXVI Seminarium Fizykochemiczne Problemy Mineralurgii, 1999, 111-116 (=Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, XXXVI Symposium, 1999, 111-116). R. Krzyżanowski, B. Leszczyński, A. Gadalińska-Krzyżanowska Application of DI-SPME/GC-MS method for the analysis of MCPA residues in winter wheat tissues (ROBERT KRZYŻANOWSKI*, BOGUSŁAW LESZCZYŃSKI, ANNA GADALIŃSKA- KRZYŻANOWSKA). - Herba Polonica. 2008. 54(3): 24-31. JANKOWSKA B.Impact of intercropping white cabbage with Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and French Marigold (Tagetes patula nana) on the occurrence of cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.), its parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae M'Intosh and predatory Syrphidae. - APHIDS AND OTHER HEMIPTEROUS INSECTS 2008. VOL. 13 199-209 Wojcieszynska D., Wilczek A. Związki fenolowe pochodzenia naturalnego. - Chemia w Szkole. 2006. 6, 1-7.
Warszawa: Wydaw. Naukowe PWN [= PWN Press], 1992. 205 pages [translated from Russian by Dr. J. Kurylowicz = tł. z jęz. ros. Jerzy Kuryłowicz] ISBN-13: 9788301104542. ISBN-10: 8301104546. Format: 20,5/14,5 cm. Gewicht: 250 g. In Polish language.

The program PASS-BioTransfo is presented, which is capable of predicting many classes of biotransformation for chemical compounds. A particular class of biotransformation is defined by the chemical transformation type and may additionally include the name of the enzyme involved in a transformation. An evaluation of the approach is presented, using biotransformations taken from the databases Metabolite (MDL) and Metabolism (Accelrys), respectively. When trained with biotransformations from Metabolite, PASSBioTransfo predicts 1927 classes of biotransformation; the average accuracy estimated in LOO cross-validation is about 88%. After training with the biotransformations from the Metabolism database, 178 classes of biotransformation are predicted with an average accuracy of about 85%. The results of cross-prediction with several training and evaluation sets are presented and discussed.
Journal of Chemical Informrmation and Computer Sciences, 2003, 43 (5), 1636-1646.

Остроумов С.А. Элементы теории биоконтроля качества воды: фактор экологической безопасности источников водоснабжения (=Elements of the theory of biocontrol of water quality: a factor in the ecological safety of the sources of water) // Химическая и биологическая безопасность. 2008. № 5-6. с.36-39. Библиогр. 22 назв. [http://www.cbsafety.ru/rus/saf_41_3.asp] УДК 574.6: 574.635: 602.7: 626. 119234, Москва, Ленгоры, Московский гос. университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, биологический факультет. РЕФЕРАТ: Представлена новая теория биомеханизмов самоочищения воды, изложенная в книге автора «Гидробионты в самоочищении вод и биогенной миграции элементов» (М.: МАКС Пресс, 2008, 200 с.). Гидробионты активно участвуют в процессах, ведущих к очищению воды. В них участвуют почти все группы живых организмов, что анализируется в статье с различных сторон. При разработке теории были использованы результаты опытов автора, изучавшего воздействие поллютантов на живые организмы. Изложенная теория служит инновационной основой для создания новых экотехнологий очищения воды и повышения ее качества с использованием водных организмов. Представлены и обоснованы новые основные концепции, в том числе понятия и термины: biomachinery, экзометаболизм, экологические хеморегуляторы, экологические хемомедиаторы, макросимбиотические системы и другие. Новые результаты автора по выявлению свойства синтетических поверхностно-активных веществ (ПАВ) подавлять фильтрацию воды двустворчатыми моллюсками были признаны научным открытием и отмечены Дипломом за научное открытие № 274. Теория вносит вклад в научные основы укрепления экологической безопасности водных экосистем (водоемов и водотоков), которые служат источниками водоснабжения. Ostroumov S.A. Elements of the theory of biocontrol of water quality: a factor in the ecological safety of the sources of water. // Chemical and Biological Safety (=Himicheskaja i biologicheskaja bezopasnost' , Moscow). 2008. No. 5-6. p.36-39. ABSTRACT: A new theory for the biomechanisms for water self-purification is presented in the author’s book ‘Aquatic Organisms in Water Self-Purification and Biogenic Migration of Elements’ (2008, 200 p.). Hydrobionts (aquatic organisms) are actively involved in various processes leading to water purification. Almost all main groups of organisms are involved, which is discussed and analyzed in the paper. In the theory, the results of the author's experiments on the effects of various pollutants on aquatic organisms were used. The theory is an innovative basis for new ecological technologies to clean water and to upgrade its quality by using aquatic organisms. New fundamental concepts were introduced and discussed, including the concepts and terms: biomachinery, exometabolism, ecological chemoregulators, ecological chemomediators, macrosymbiotic system and others. The new authors’s results on the surfactant-induced inhibition of water filtration by bivalves were recognized as a scientific discovery. As a result, the author was awarded Diploma for Scientific Discovery No. 274. The theory is a contribution to the scientific basis for environmental safety of the aquatic ecosystems (aquatic bodies and streams) that serve as sources of water supply. Ключевые слова: качество воды, водные экосистемы, самоочищение воды, загрязнение; загрязняющие вещества, поллютанты, ксенобиотики, синтетические химические вещества, биотестирование, экологическая опасность, инновации, экологическая безопасность, источники водоснабжения, устойчивое использование, водные ресурсы, ресурсы пресной воды, морские, поверхностные водные экосистемы, новая концепция, экзометаболизм, биотрансформации, биодеградация, разложение, водоемы, водотоки, хеморегуляторы, макросимбиотические системы, биогенная миграция элементов, научное открытие № 274, антропогенное воздействие, экология, геохимия, репарация, поверхностно-активные вещества, ПАВ, детергенты, моющие средства, фильтраторы, биоконтроль, самоочистительный потенциал экосистемы, фитотехнология, фиторемедиация, экобиотехнология. Key words: Water quality, aquatic ecosystems, water self-purification, pollution; pollutants, xenobiotics, synthetic chemicals, bioassays, biotesting, ecological hazards, innovations, environmental safety, sources of water supply, sustainable use, aquatic resources, freshwater, marine, surface aquatic ecosystems, new concept of exometabolism, pollutants, biotransformation, biodegradation, destruction, water bodies, streams, chemoregulators, macrosymbiotic system, biogenic migration of elements, scientific discovery No. 274, anthropogenic impact, ecology, geochemistry, repair, biomachinery, surfactants, tensides, detergents, filter-feeders, biocontrol, self-purification potential of ecosystems, phytotechnology, phytoremediation, ecobiotechnology.
Остроумов С.А. Элементы теории биоконтроля качества воды: фактор экологической безопасности источников водоснабжения (=Elements of the theory of biocontrol of water quality: a factor in the ecological safety of the sources of water) // Химическая и биологическая безопасность. 2008. № 5-6. с.36-39.